論以色列防衛主義下的軍事外交戰略及軍事審判爭議

sraeli Military Diplomatic Strategy And Judicial System's Controversy Under The Defense Doctrine

為因應強敵環伺和中東地區的發展，以色列積極在中東地區建設軍事力量和強化其運作機能。尤其近年的威脅已生變化，除了次級國家組織，如真主黨和哈馬斯外，還有來自沒有和以色列接壤的國家。1948年以色列重建國家起，頒布「司法權限法」（Jurisdiction Law），軍事司法制度與政府及軍隊同時創建，以色列國防軍設有軍事法庭，除了對軍人犯罪案件進行使審判權外，亦負責監督起訴與辯護之運作，乃至1955年頒布以色列軍事審判（司法）法（Military Justice Law; MJL），涵蓋軍事司法及組織、程序之綜合立法，運用於軍事行動之特別法典，體現與維護軍事活動的特性。長久以來，以色列國防軍始終能將人民的期待化為力量，在任何情況下為國家提供防衛，人民也深刻理解以色列國防軍是國家存在的保證。而總結以色列國防軍每一次戰役的關鍵，取決於戰鬥精神、行動力與機動效率，並且自信在一個不妥協的方式下全面達成任務。惟以色列軍事司法制度疑存偏頗，素來惹有爭議，本文爰此探究以色列採行防衛主義模式的背景沿革，以及渠等如何影響以色列軍事外交和軍事審判作為，冀供參考。 In response to strong enemies and developments in the Middle East, Israel has actively built military forces and strengthened operational functions. The main change is in addition to the threats from sub-state enemies, such as Hezbollah and Hamas, and as well as those that do not share a border with Israel. United States obtained the first Israeli official Defense Forces Strategy Document in August, 2016 which provides the approach in principle to operate the force in contexts that are common to all operational theaters against enemies and in the IDF's various functional situations: Routine, Emergency, and War. These principles should serve the IDF's force building elements when planning how to strengthen the IDF in the coming years. The IDF has always based its power on the quality of its people and the deep understanding that the IDF is the guarantor of Israel's national existence. Therefore, the IDF will take steps to provide defense for the state in all situations through fighting spirit, initiative and quality of action, and carrying out missions fully and in an uncompromising manner. However, the Israeli military judicial system is biased and has always provoked controversially, this paper thus aims to explore the historical causes of the Israeli defense model and how they affect Israeli military diplomacy and military court decisions for reference.