假設性產業電力差別取價之模擬分析

A Hypothetical Simulation Analysis on Industrial Electricity Price Discrimination

在亞洲受管制的電力市場，電力公司大多維持國營狀態，而電價也多半是由政府管控。基本上臺灣電力市場也不例外，一直維持一家國營電力公司（台灣電力公司）獨占經營的狀態。本文藉由CGE（computable general equilibrium）模型的產業結構特性，模擬獨占國營電力公司建構一個虛擬的三級差別取價（price discrimination）的商業策略，其目的是測試獨占電力公司改變現行定價方式的假設性分析。本文利用台灣電力公司需求面管理方案的電價折讓誘因，來顯示產業轉嫁缺電風險之需求，接著再建立一般均衡模型模擬台灣電力公司的產業三級差別取價方案。模擬結果發現差別電價策略對公司的現金營收助益有限，但卻可間接促進社會對節能減碳的效益，還對台灣電力公司節省電廠投資有幫助。估計整體社會效益成本淨額約達新台幣18.30億元～50.87億元之間。因此，可做為獨占國營電力公司的假設性商業經營模式之比對方案之一。 Most of the Asian electricity markets are belong to state control markets. Under the markets, governments control the electricity prices. Taiwan's electricity market is not an exception. So far, there is a state-owned monopoly power company, the Taiwan Power Company. The purpose of the present paper is trying to simulate and assess a hypothetical business strategy of industrial third-degree price discrimination for the power market. The present paper adopts the demand-side management program of the Taiwan Power Company and transfers it into an industrial demand for avoiding power outage risk. By using a CGE model (EnFore-Green), the present paper shows that the industrial third-degree price discrimination strategy can not only gain net profit for the power company, but also pass the macro level benefit-cost test for the society. Approximately, the social net benefit can be around 1.83 to 5.09 billion of NT dollars. Although the cash revenue to the power company is not big, this hypothetical simulation is still interesting enough for both government administrative officers and academic researchers in designing a free power market system in the future.