市售肉蓯蓉類藥材之鑑別

Studies on Adulteration of Cistanches Herba in Taiwan

臺灣中藥典記載肉蓯蓉（Cistanches Herba）藥材為列當科（Orobanchaceae）植物肉蓯蓉Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma或管花肉蓯蓉C. tubulosa（Schrenk） Wight之帶鱗葉的乾燥肉質莖，為生長在沙漠中之寄生植物，具強壯及滋補功效，為珍貴中藥材，因過度採收致使野生肉蓯蓉稀少，導致市場出現混充之情形。常見混、誤用品有同屬的鹽生肉蓯蓉[C.salsa（C. A. Mey.）G. Beck]與沙蓯蓉（C.sinensis G. Beck）之外，還有草蓯蓉[Boschniakia rossica（Cham. et Schlecht.）Fedtsch.]及鎖陽（Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.）等藥材。本研究蒐集「肉蓯蓉類」藥材，分別就外觀性狀、顯微鏡檢及薄層層析法（TLC）進行比較，並歸納藥材基原。結果顯示34件檢體中有2件（5.9％）出現肉蓯蓉與管花肉蓯蓉混用情形。且所建立肉蓯蓉類藥材生藥鑑別方法可運用於業務執行或供藥廠及中藥材業者參考，以提升檢驗品質及效率，保障民眾用藥安全。 In Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeia, Cistanches Herba of the Orobanchaceae Family was the dried stem part, with scales, of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma or C. tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight. It is a parasitic plant growing in the desert with important medicinal effects and good price. Nowadays, the wild Cistanche decreased due to over-harvesting and leading to the situation of counterfeit Cistanche herbs. C. salsa (C. A. Mey.) G. Beck and C. sinensis G. Beck were the commonly misused Cistanche herbs, followed by Boschniakia rossica (Cham. et Schlecht.) Fedtsch. and Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. In this study, the cistanche herbs collected from Taiwan were classified according to their morphology, microscopy and thin layer chromatographic analysis to distinguish its origin. The results show 2 in 34(5.9%) Cistanches herba samples are mixed C. deserticola and C. tubulosa. This authenticity method of Cistanches herba can be utilized as a reference for identification and quality control to the pharmaceutical company and retail store in order to improve testing quality and efficiency, as well as to protect public drug safety.