何謂現象？以日本庭園的體驗省思現象學

What is a Phenomenon? Reflections on Phenomenology as seen from the Experience of Japanese Gardens

本文借助大橋良介在日本美學上彰顯的範疇「切續」即「切割中的連續」為綱領，一方面從現象學的角度來探討日本庭園的參觀者於美學態度下發生何種體驗，以便釐清日本庭園的美學特色。主要研究對象包含庭園的整體氛圍、其所開啟的場所、庭園物引發的情感、植物與岩石的美學效力、庭園的哲學意涵、庭園開顯現實世界的方式以及庭園的時間狀態等。另一方面，憑據這份具體現象學觀察和思考，本文思考現象學本身的方法論問題，專門討論「現象」、「被給予方式」、「顯現狀態」、「視域」、「觸發」、「時間性」以及回應哲學等議題，以便藉由盡可能具體的批判與反思為了當代現象學運動拓開新的思考途徑。 This paper takes advantage of the idea of a “cut-continuum＂, as Ryōsuke Ōhashi has expounded it with respect to Japanese aesthetics, in order to firstly investigate into the experience and aesthetics of Japanese gardens, from a phenomenological perspective. This part of the discussion concerns topics such as atmosphere, place, feeling, the aesthetic dimensions of plants and rocks, the encompassing philosophical content of gardens, the ways a Japanese garden is disclosing the real world, as well as a garden's temporal dimension. A second main concern of this paper regards the methodological conclusions for phenomenology to be drawn from the above mentioned observations. There is given a critical discussion of central phenomenological issues such as phenomenon, ways of being-given, modes of appearance, horizon, affection, the temporality of the phenomenal, as well as responsivity. By means of this twofold inquiry, this paper aims at as concretely as possible to conduct a critique of phenomenological philosophizing, in order to open up new perspectives for contemporary thinking.