巴宰語和噶哈巫語的疑問詞

Pazeh and Kaxabu Interrogative Words

本研究旨在比較巴宰語和噶哈巫語在疑問詞使用的異同。筆者以2013年至2017年田野調查語料及文獻資料為本，採語言比較方法之觀點，發現巴宰語和噶哈巫語最常使用的疑問詞包含問人、物、處所、數量、選擇、原因、方法、時間。巴宰語表物的疑問詞asay「什麼」具有強烈的結合功能，當它與不同的前綴結合之後，形成不同功能的疑問詞；噶哈巫語的疑問詞「什麼」則有axay、asay兩個基礎形式，並發展出跟巴宰語不同形式的疑問詞。我們發現噶哈巫語詢問處所的疑問詞tshay，屬特殊語音，對比巴宰語的asay，有其特殊的關鍵地位，因為巴宰語沒有送氣音，而從tshay這個詞，足以辨識說者講巴宰語還是噶哈巫語。為求語言教學上的便利，筆者將巴宰語和噶哈巫語的疑問詞加以分類，並做結構上的分析，企圖以最簡易的方式，將語言上常用的訊息問句，以明確的解構方式讓學習者能快速入門。 This research aims to compare the interrogative words in Pazeh and Kaxabu. On the basis of the field work conducted from 2013 to 2017 and literatures & documents, the authors adopted the theory of Language Comparison Method and discovered that the most common fields of interrogative questions in Pazeh and Kaxabu include person, object, space, quantity, choice, reason, method, time, etc. The interrogative word asay ''what'' in Pazeh has extensive combining function, which can form interrogative words with different functions when combined with different prefixes. On the other hand, there are two basic interrogative words in Kaxabu, axay and asay ''what'', which have developed different interrogative words from Pazeh. The interrogative word ''tshay'' which is used to question ''space'' in Kaxabu is a special pronunciation and plays specially important role compared with asay ''what'' in Pazeh. To obtain convenience in language teaching, the author have classified and conducted structural analysis on interrogative words in Pazeh and Kaxabu. The analysis aims to utilize the simplest way to explain, with a clear deconstruction method, the most commonly used message interrogative sentences in languages to leaners so that they can have a quick start.