當代馬來西亞憲政體制的發展與挑戰

Development and Challenges of the Contemporary Constitutional System of Malaysia

搭乘二戰結束後席捲全球的第二波民主化浪潮，馬來西亞於上世紀後半葉成功自英國脫離獨立，並且成為一個在政治經濟各方面受人囑目的亞洲新興工業化與民主化國家。這個國家不僅有著多元豐富的族群文化，也是一個在政治發展上嘗試融合傳統伊斯蘭宗教文民與西方議會主義傳統的獨特國家。雖在經濟發展上有著令人驚豔的成就，馬來西亞的整體憲政發展卻也同時存在一定的內部隱憂。為一窺這個東南亞國際航道上迷人的國家，本文致力探討該國憲政發展的幾個重要歷程、其核心憲政規定、權力分立架構下的國家重要組織及其運作模式、並且簡要敘述該國當前所面臨的憲政發展難題，希望藉此能夠該國當前的憲政體制發展勾勒出一個概略的形貌。 Following the second wave of democratization that swept the world after the end of World War II, Malaysia succeeded in separating itself from Britain in the second half of the last century and became a newly industrialized and democratized country in Asia that has attracted attention in all aspects of politics and economy. This country has not only a rich and diverse ethnic culture, but also holds a unique experience in its political development, namely trying to integrate Islamic religious civilization and western parliamentary traditions. Although Malaysia has demonstrated amazing achievements in economic development in recent years, its constitutional development faces some internal problems. In order to obtain an overview, this paper is devoted to exploring some important processes of the constitutional development of Malaysia, including its core constitutional provisions, the most important national organizations under the constitutional spirit of separation of powers, and their modes of operation. A brief description of the current challenges of Malaysian constitutional development concludes this concise introduction to the constitutional system of this country.