湖山水庫地區鳥類保育優先次序評估系統

An Avian Conservation Priority System for the Hushan Reservoir Area

雲林湖山水庫此種大型工程雖可提供區域發展用水、促進產業推展，但也會造成棲地喪失及零碎化，對當地環境生態造成衝擊。盡量減少工程對野生動物棲地的破壞及在水庫鄰近地區進行棲地補償與復育，可以減少水庫興建工程對該區生態造成的負面影響與擾動。本研究目的爲建構一湖山水庫地區鳥類保育優先次序評估系統，以篩選出該區需優先關注類群的鳥類，並針對此類群鳥種之棲地資源利用特性，提出相關建議供棲地改善工作參考。湖山水庫地區鳥類保育優先次序評估系統，係以紐西蘭自然保育部的評估系統爲核心架構，同時參酌世界自然保育聯盟、自然服務協會、飛羽夥伴與加拿大鳥類研究計畫之保育優先次序評估系統，並考量研究範圍內原生鳥類（97種）的基礎研究資料可獲得性、分類地位、生物特性、在不同地理尺度的生存現況及受工程干擾程度後建立。經套用湖山水庫地區鳥類生物特性資料庫的資料於本系統後，篩選出25種屬優先關注類群的鳥類，其中森林性鳥類即占21種。分析優先關注類群鳥種之棲地利用特性及受威脅情況，綜整未來棲地改善建議包括：棲地改善應以建構森林環境爲主要方向，提高植被結構複雜性及植物種組成多樣性，以提供較多樣的棲地予較多的鳥種棲息；保留森林溪流兩岸之河濱林帶供森林溪流型鳥種利用，且作爲移動能力差之鳥種於棲地區塊間移動的生態廊道；對於河道中自然叢生之草生地，應減少人爲干擾，以提高草生地鳥種的多樣性；河濱之岩壁、石穴及土堤等繁殖資源應予以保留，避免於森林內小溪谷、山溝進行非必要工程；最後，爲避免干擾鳥類繁殖，工程應儘可能避開繁殖期，以減少大型機具及車輛噪音的干擾。

The on-going Hushan Reservoir construction project in Yunlin County of the central-west Taiwan will provide additional water supply for local and regional economic development, but it will inevitably result in loss and fragmentation of wildlife habitats, causing severe negative effects on local environments. In order to mitigate the negative effects, the strategies that have been taken by the project are to minimize wildlife habitat destruction during the construction and to restore the habitats in the neighboring areas. The objectives of this study were 1) to establish an avian conservation priority ranking system for the Hushan Reservoir Area, 2) to identify avian target species for the conservation, and 3) finally to propose conservation measures for increasing carrying capacities of the target species. With considering references available, taxonomic status, population status, distribution patterns, life cycles, environmental requirements, and vulnerability to the disturbance from the construction for all (97) native species of the birds found in the area, we built an avian conservation priority ranking system, using New Zealand s system as the core framework with those of IUCN, NatureServe, Partners in Flight, and Bird Studies Canada as the references. Twenty five species were identified as the target species for the system. Of them, 21 species were forest dependent. Accordingly, we concluded that top priority for the avian conservation in the Hushan Reservoir Area is to restore lowland broadleaf forests to increase habitat diversity for the target species. We also suggested to preserving riparian vegetation and grasslands along streams, protecting nesting sites at the banks, and avoiding disturbance of breeding activities of the birds during the construction.