美國報復性解雇制度及其借鑒

Retaliation Dismissal System of America and Its Referential Significance

美國採行“雇傭自由+例外”的解雇模式，其中報復性解雇制度是“例外＂中的核心部分。關於報復性解雇的認定標準、救濟程序與責任方式等方面，美國已經形成了較為成熟的規則體系。我國實行“合法事由＂的解雇模式，但對報復性解雇現象無法給予有效的救濟。借鑒美國經驗，我國應當考慮修改《勞動合同法》、制定特別法、構建不當勞動行為制度。

America adopts the dismissal model of freedom of employment and some exceptions, and the retaliation dismissal system is the key of these exceptions. There is a relatively mature system of rules about retaliation dismissal such as identification standards, relief procedures and forms of liability. China carries out the discharge model of lawful reasons, which could not supply effective remedies towards retaliation dismissal. Learning form American experience, it is essential for China to amend the Labor Contract Law, formulate special laws and establish the improper labor practices system.