遺傳資源來源披露制度研究基於500項專利、4個國家、3份條約的分析

Research on the Disclosure System of Genetic Resources--Analysis Based on 500 Patents, 4 Countries and 3 Treaties

遺傳資源作為生物技術領域的重要因素，具有誘人的商業價值，對其保護、利用問題一直是學界討論的熱點。鑒於發達國家和發展中國家在此問題上的利益需求以及各自的出發點不同，各國對遺傳資源來源披露要求的規定自然有所差異。在此背景下，分析我國專利法修改前後5OO份利用遺傳資源完成專利的披露情況，結合相關國際條約及美國、印度、哥斯達黎加和挪威等國的立法，可以廓清現有遺傳資源披露制度的框架，反思國內法的不足，提出完善建議，同時也可以為我國在2O2O年召開的《生物多樣性公約》締約方大會上基於發展中國家利益發聲提供材料。

As a core factor in the field of biotechnology, genetic resources have attractive business value. The protection and utilization of genetic resources has always been a hot topic in the academic community. In view of the different needs and starting points of interest on this issue between developed and developing countries, the requirements for the disclosure of genetic resources from different countries naturally differ. In this context, the analysis of the disclosure of 500 patents using genetic resources prior to and after the revision of the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China, combined with the relevant legislation introduced by the United States, India, Costa Rica, and Norway on the disclosure of genetic resources system, can clarify existing genetic resources. The framework of the disclosure system, reflecting on the insufficiency of domestic laws, also provides China’s speech to the developing countries in the 2020 speech at the CBD.