阿里山山美村達娜伊谷地區之蝴蝶多樣性之研究

Butterfly Diversity in Dana-iku Area, Alishan Mountain, in Southern Taiwan

達娜伊谷地區在莫拉克風災後受創嚴重，昔日賞魚的棲地已無法繼續經營，為恢復當地之生態旅遊發展，擬開發新的生物資源，以供作未來社區特色之替代與景點之規劃應用。本研究之目的在於調查當地之蝴蝶資源，以作為將來規劃賞蝶的參考。調查路線於山美村產業道路及達娜伊谷地區共設置6條穿越線，自2011年1月至12月止，每月調查一次，共累記蝴蝶5科147種6,148隻次，分別為弄蝶科23種、鳳蝶科17種、粉蝶科18種、灰蝶科26種及蛺蝶科63種。其中1種珍貴稀有保育類及7種臺灣特有種。就種類數而言，以10月記錄到96種最多，9月記錄到89種次之；就數量而言，以11月記錄到782隻次最多，3月714隻次次之。就各物種數量而言，以沖繩小灰蝶數量最多，共記錄662隻次，紫蛇目蝶次之，共395隻次。由多樣性指數分布得知，當地蝴蝶生物多樣性之高低與蝴蝶物種數目呈正相關。就終年可見之成蝶而言，計有沖繩小灰蝶、臺灣黃蝶、黑點粉蝶、切翅單環蝶、枯葉蝶、琉球三線蝶、琉球紫蛺蝶、眼紋擬蛺蝶、紫蛇目蝶、黑樹蔭蝶及玉帶鳳蝶等11種。研究結果顯示，達娜伊谷地區雖鄰近中央山脈，但受到開發因素影響，以都會區出現之蝶種居多，然若能適當種植原生物種，營造蝴蝶棲地，吸引附近山區的蝴蝶前來，將是社區一大資源。本研究提出棲地之營造與經營管理之方針，並針對該區特性推廣具觀光潛力之特色蝶種，以供社區日後發展賞蝶生態旅遊之參考，期望提升阿里山國家風景區的國際形象及旅遊品質。

Dana-iku area located in the Ali Mountain region in southern Taiwan was severely impacted by typhoon Morakot, and an eco-tourism area famous for its beautiful fish-watching habitats was destroyed. After eco-tourism recovery efforts, new biological resources were planned and developed in response to demands by the local community. The purposes of this project were to investigate the local butterfly fauna and provide suggestions on future butterfly-watching activities. Six transect lines were selected and setup along an industrial road in Shan Mei Village and Dana-iku. An inventory compiled monthly over an entire year from January to December 2011 showed a total of five families, 147 species and 6,148 individuals of butterfly. Recorded species include 23 Hesperiidae species, 17 Papilionidae species, 18 species Pieridae, 26 Lycaenidae species and 63 Nymphalidae species. Among them, one was a rare species and seven were endemic. By species richness, October ranked the highest with 96 species, followed by September with 89 species recorded. By monthly abundance, November appeared to have the highest count of 782 individuals, followed by March with 714 individuals. During the studied year, Zizeeria maha okinawana was the most abundant species with 662 individuals recorded, followed by Elymnias hypermnestra hainana with 395 individuals recorded. By distribution of diversity, our index showed a positive correlation between local butterfly biodiversity and species richness. The 11 species occurred in the year were Zizeeria maha okinawana, Eurema blanda arsakia, Leptosia nina niobe, Mycalesis zonata, Kallima inachus formosana, Neptis hylas lulculenta, Junonia lemonias aenaria, Elymnias hypermnestra hainana, Melanitis phedima polishana, and Papilio polytes polytes. The results show that although Dana-iku is close to the central mountains of Taiwan, local butterfly fauna was similar to that in metropolitan areas. Local community could be benefited from recovery action plans in which native host plants and nectar plants are planted as well as new habitats are established to attract more butterflies. In this study we propose a guideline on habitat development and open-air butterfly garden management. We also made a list of unique butterfly species that can help boost eco-tourism in the region, which can in turn enhance the image of Alishan National Scenic Area internationally.