太麻里研究中心闊葉樹混植造林地內三種草食獸之族群監測

Population Monitoring of Three Herbivores in a Hardwood Mixed Plantation of Taimali Research Center, TFRI

本研究自2012年7月至2013年12月，於林業試驗所太麻里研究中心的闊葉樹混植造林地，以Reconyx PC 800型自動感應相機監測山羌、水鹿及台灣野山羊的族群動態。經過18個月的連續監測，累積總紀錄730筆，時間20小時26分40秒，可辨識照片11,810張。以出現指數（OI）與棲地利用指數（HUI）分析三種動物的相對豐度與棲地利用發現：三種動物於本造林地內的豐度較自然條件下為高，其中OI值以山羌最高（170.0），水鹿次之（45.4），台灣野山羊最低（12.4），其比例約為15：4：1。比較其區域分布、季節分布，與活動模式發現：山羌在棲地選擇上，具有最高的專一性，且偏好鬱閉度較低的林分。其區域分布與台灣野山羊的重疊性較高，而與水鹿不同。三種動物的豐度於各監測月間均呈明顯波動，唯三者的峰期不一致。三種動物基本上日夜都會活動，且均以晨昏為其活動的高峰，唯活動峰期仌有差別。研究結果初步顯示，三種草食獸在豐度及棲地利用上呈現區域、季節及時段分布的差異性，此點或與有效運用棲地資源有關。本研究也指出，經設計的生態育林作業，可兼顧野生動物經營與保育的目的。

During July 2012 to December 2013, Reconyx PC 800 auto-sensing camera was used to monitor the population dynamics of three herbivores: ＂Muntiacus reeves imicrurus, Rusa unicolor swinhoei＂ and ＂Naemorhedus swinhoeiat＂ a mixed hardwood plantation in Taimali Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute (TFRI). By 18 months of continuous monitoring, 730 records with 20hr.26min.26sec.and 11,810 distinguishable pictures were cumulated. Occurrence index (OI) and habitat utilization index (HUI) were usedtocompare the relative abundance and habitat utilization trendsof these three herbivores. Comparing with the value under natural condition,a relatively higher OI of these three mammals occurred at the plantation, with a ratio of 15：4：1,and the highest OI occurred in ＂Muntiacus reevesi＂ (170.0), followed by ＂Rusa unicolor swinhoei＂ (45.4),and ＂Naemorhedus swinhoei: (12.4). Comparing the regional, seasonal and interval distribution of these three herbivores,the highest habitat specificity occurred in ＂Muntiacus reevesi＂, and had a similar habit preference with ＂Naemorhedus swinhoei＂. Meanwhile, obvious contrast of habitat preference occurred in ＂Rusa unicolor swinhoii＂. Apparent fluctuation was observed of these three animal's population in every monitoring month, but the peak was inconsistent with each other. All three animals are both nocturnal and diurnal, and higher activity also occurred at the intervals of dusk and dawn, but the activity peak showed no consistency. The results of this study revealed that different regional, seasonal, and time interval distribution occurred among these three mammals, and revealed that a mechanism for using habitat resources effectively may existed. The study suggested that the goalsof wildlife management and conservation could be accomplished simultaneously through appropriately designed ecological silvicultural operations.