穿著顏色對大卷尾（Dicrurus macrocercus）驚飛距離的影響

Effects of Clothing Color on Flight Initiation Distance of Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus)

人類活動為影響鳥類生存及繁殖的干擾之一，其中一項影響因子為鳥類對觀察者衣物顏色的容忍度可能不同，除了影響鳥類活動，亦會使鳥類調查結果產生偏差。本研究以驚飛距離作為容忍度的指標，於國立臺灣大學農業試驗場以黑色、迷彩、白色、紅色及橘色穿著測試大卷尾的驚飛距離。結果發現以紅色穿著測得之驚飛距離顯著高於黑色及迷彩穿著之測值。彩度高的穿著之測值顯著高於彩度低者；亮度高的穿著之測值顯著高於亮度低者。結果支持物種信賴假說，大卷尾對與其羽色相近的黑色穿著，以及與背景相仿的迷彩服的容忍度較高；與其羽色相異甚大的紅色穿著的容忍度較低。賞鳥或調查時，應穿著彩度低、亮度低，或與背景相仿的顏色，以降低對鳥類造成的干擾。保護區經營管理方面，亦應該將鳥類對人類活動的容忍距離納入規劃核心區、緩衝區及遊憩區配置的考量。

Human activities are a known disturbance affecting the survival and reproduction of wild birds. For instance, clothing color can affect bird activities as well as cause discrepancies in bird surveys. As such this study uses flight initiation distance (FID) as an indicator to investigate bird tolerance in different clothing colors. Five clothing colors (black, military camouflage, white, red and orange) were used to measure the FID of Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) in an experimental farm of National Taiwan University, Taiwan. The FID of Black Drongo when encountering red clothing was significantly larger than black clothing and military camouflage clothing. The FIDs triggered by high colorfulness were significantly greater than that of low colorfulness ones. The FIDs caused by high brightness were significantly greater than low brightness ones. The results support the species-confidence hypothesis. The Black Drongo showed higher tolerance in black and military camouflage clothing and lower tolerance in red clothing. The results suggest that it is important to wear clothes of low colorfulness, low brightness, or in colors similar to the surrounding environment during bird watching and surveys. The results also show that when managing a conservation area, it is important to take the degree of bird tolerance into consideration before designating core zone, buffer zone and recreation area.