陸域動物多樣性熱點評估之建議－－台灣野生動物資料庫之應用

Suggestions on Developing an Investigation Scheme for Identifying Terrestrial Animal Biodiversity Hotspots of Taiwan with the Wildlife Database

近年有科學家聲稱以集中資源、保護特定「生物多樣性熱點」地區的方式可更有成效地運用保育資源，而這些位於危急狀況之下的熱點則可經由諸如物種豐富度、特有物種比例和原生植被喪失百分比等條件來加以確認。由於找出及保護這些熱點被認爲是一帖防止全球相當比例物種處於危險之中的特效藥，因此「就台灣陸域及海域生物多樣性可能的熱點進行普查並確認之」也被列爲台灣「永續發展行動計畫」的主要項目之中，而發展作業程序來確認熱點地區亦相對重要。本研究將國際間對於生物多樣性熱點的定義套用於台灣地區後，提出在找尋生物多樣性熱點過程中的重要條件並架構其流程，再以行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心（ESRI）野生動物資料庫中的蝶類、兩棲類和蝙蝠類分布數據爲樣本進行試作。由於目前尚無法就「未來受威脅程度」與「現有保育措施」進行評估與排序，我們建議未來應根據鏈結完善的資料庫架構，如政府的國家地理資訊系統（NGIS）配合若干資料品質原則來達到這個目標。我們同時建議爲滿足此作業程序，將來宜有一套使用現況－－壓力－－反應（SPR）架構之指標系統來加以配合，如此方能有充分的資訊及合宜的方法來確認熱點位置，並對需要優先保護的區域立即採取行動。

It has been generally considered to be more efficient in biodiversity conservation by concentrating its management resources on ”biodiversity hotspots”, the areas where conservation management is urgently needed. The hotspots can be identified by species richness, endemic species ratio, and percentage loss of primary vegetation. To identify such spots and to protect their biodiversity have been regarded as a ”silver bullet” strategy that would prevent a risk of many of the species of the world to become endangered in a high proportion. Accordingly, to identify marine and terrestrial biodiversity hotspots and to census their species composition and conservation status are listed in the ”Taiwan Sustainable Development Action Plan” as its main working tasks. Therefore, it has been becoming increasingly important to identify the hotspot areas. This study was intended to develop an investigation scheme to identify terrestrial biodiversity hotspots of Taiwan, and to determine primary factors and conditions for the identification, with using the inventory database of butterflies, amphibians and bats deposited at Endemic Species Research Institute (ESRI). Because at present there is a lack of information on threatening (or endangered) levels of species available for the conservation status assessment and for establishing an order of their conservation importance, we suggested achieving the objective by using a perfect-linked database frame, such as the National Geographic Information System (NGIS) of Taiwan government, with proper data quality control. We also suggested that the investigation scheme should be developed based on present biological data, future ecological threats, and available conservation measures. It was highly recommendable to build the State-Pressure-Response (SPR) framework by combining it with the investigation scheme of the biodiversity hotspots in the future. The biodiversity hotspots should be given priority over the present wildlife reserve areas in the conservation management. Its immediate action is required.