不同海拔和棲地類型之盤古蟾蜍蝌蚪的形態變異

Variation in Morphological Characters of Bufo bankorensis Tadpoles among Different Elevations and Habitats

盤古蟾蜍（Bufo bankorensis）廣泛分布於台灣海拔100-3,000m的山區，經常於溪流或池塘進行繁殖。本研究分析不同海拔區域間之盤古蟾蜍蝌蚪的體型變異，並比較生長在池塘與溪流棲地的蝌蚪形態。自2005年3月至2008年2月，於阿里山地區100-2,300m的海拔範圍內設置不同海拔高度的樣地，捕捉發育期在Gosner stages 30-32期的盤古蟾蜍蝌蚪進行形態測量及形態差異的分析。結果發現，蝌蚪的全長、尾長與尾肌寬有隨著海拔升高而增加的趨勢，但體長、體高、體寬、尾高及尾肌高則以生長在中海拔池塘棲地者較大；而相對尾長則以高海拔池塘棲地的蝌蚪最大，中海拔池塘棲地的蝌蚪最小。生長在中海拔溪流棲地的蝌蚪，除了具有較大的相對尾長，以及尾長不具差異外，其他測量形質均比中海拔池塘棲地的蝌蚪小。

The Central Formosan toad (Bufo bankorensis Barbour) is widely distributed in hills and mountains at elevations from 100-3,000m in Taiwan. Its tadpoles occur in lotic and lentic habitats. We collected the tadpoles at 19 sampling sites at the elevations from 100-2,320m in the Ali Mountain Range from March 2005 to February 2008. Seven morphometric characters at the Gosner stages 30-32 were measured and compared among different elevations and between stream and pond habitats. The results showed that the means of total length (TTL), tail length (TL) and caudal tail muscle width (CMW) increased with the elevation. The means of head and body length (HBL), body height (BH), body width (BW), tail height (TH), and caudal tail muscle height (CMH) from pond habitat were larger than those from the other sites at mid-elevations. The mean of relative tail length (RTL) was the largest for tadpoles from the pond habitat at high elevations, while it was the smallest for those from pond habitat at midelevations. All of the morphometric characters of the tadpoles from stream habitat were smaller than those from pond habitat at mid-elevations, but the mean RTL from stream habitat was larger than that from pond habitat.