國中小教師之校園學童視力保健知識與行為研究

A Study on School-Based Children Vision Care Knowledge and Behavior among Elementary and Junior High School Teachers

目的：旨在瞭解國中小教師推動校園學童視力保健知識與行為之現況。方法：本研究利用橫斷式研究設計，以方便取樣選取國中小教師為研究對象，於2014年10月至2015年6月間回收432份有效問卷。結果：在知識部份，答對率範圍在18%～97%之間。以「假性近視過一段時間就會恢復，無須進行治療」答對率最佳，答對率最差是：「華人近視的主因在於過多的閱讀」答對率18%。在行為部分平均數介於3.34～4.16分之間，其中教師在「協助健康中心回收視力不良複診單」的行為最佳，而「在課程中融入視力保健的教學」及「與家長溝通視力保健執行行為」較差。此外，教師是否來自視力不良率縣市與教師年資對學童視力保健知識與行為有所影響。建議：未來應發展以視力保健教學融入、視力篩檢的功能及視力矯治等策略之教師增能相關研習，強化校園視力保健推動重點，並發展戶外活動相關研究，以能永續推動有效的校園視力保健計畫。

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the knowledge and behavior of school teachers in vision care program. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 2014 to June 2015. The subjects of this study were junior high and primary school teachers. Convenience sample was adopted. A total of 432 returned questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The results showed that range of accurate rate for knowledge was 18%-97%, the development of pseudomyopia and organizational accountability in myopia prevention were high. However, accurate rate regarding the main reason for Chinese people's main cause of myopia consists in immoderate reading were lowest, the accurate rate for knowledge only accounted for 18%. The range of mean for behavior was 3.34-4.16. Scores for behavior regarding school teachers assisted to follow the referral sheet were high. However, scores regarding vision care designed into curriculum and communication with parents were lowest. In addition, factors were indicated that affected knowledge and behavior in vision care among school teachers: demographic characteristics, such as working in counties/cities with a high rate of poor visual acuity and length of teaching employment.