大鰲魚變小鯉魚：「鯉魚山」名的更替與傳說

A Big Sea-tortoise Becomes Small Carp: the Replacement of the Name of Carp Mountain and Its Related Legends

地名是一種集體記憶投射與承載，傳說也是。地名的變遷往往反映一地的地理、歷史與文化變遷，為歷史追溯上不可或缺的重要訊息。台東鯉魚山，位於台東縣台東市。此山山名歷史上有「鰲魚、「鯉魚」不同的認同表現。居住於此的民眾，隨著山名的改變，融匯了不同的人、事、物觀感的印象，發展出多采之傳說，透過口耳相傳的累積，使得地名不僅成為空間符號，同時反映居民對生活環境的空間識覺，記載了人地關係的發展。筆者藉由此山之地名傳說與命名改變，觀察居民投射於此之不同情感，瞭解空間如何與社會文化產生關聯與互動。現今「鯉魚山」命名之形成，筆者推測應是一連串語音的音譯形成意義的挪用過程。先有胡傳依通事所譯，結合馬蘭阿美族傳說提起之海上的大魚「kinafaragaw」之音，假借轉化為「魚山」，後有日本殖民政府選擇以日語「鯉」替代最接近「驚」之台羅拼音ghi，ngöhi，「鰲魚」因而改由「鯉魚」稱之。而今日「鯉魚」之名能成為主流深入人心，主因仍是基於清末時期移入的漢移民，複合其他傳說強化故事力，傳說情節進一步與周遭地理環境相印證，與移民風俗相結合。再加上20世紀末隨著全球化觀光事業發展的需求，鯉魚山地景與傳說獲得更大的傳播推望力量，讓「鯉魚」之名深入人心。

Place names are a kind of projection and bearing of collective memory, and legends are also. The change of place names often reflects the geographical, historical and cultural changes of a place. It is an indispensable source of reference information for historical research. Carp Mountain is located in Taitung City, Taitung County. It has had different names in historical development such as sea-tortoise and carp, and different names represent different identifications. There has developed a vibrant and colorful legend with the change of the name of the mountain. Those legends combine diverse stories and object elements from different groups of people. Through the accumulation of oral communication, these stories not only become the spatial symbols but also reflect the residents' awareness of the space related to the mountains and record the development of the relationship between people and land. Through the change of place names and related legends, the author observes the emotional changes of residents to the mountains and explains the relationship between space and social culture.