由花東的社區發展談偏鄉的原動力

The Driving Forces in Remote Areas: The Key Element of Tribal or Community Development in Eastern Taiwan

本研究主要是想探討偏遠地區發展的原動力，因此針對一些目前將社區經營的有聲有色的主事者進行深入訪談，了解其發展過程。位處於東部的社區由於長期以來缺乏必要的基礎建設和經濟建設，也缺少政府的關注，使得其發展的速度遠落後於西部地區，不僅人口外流，而且經濟狀況也不見好轉。雖然偏鄉地區長年以來處於如此不利的地位，但的確有些社區是藉由申請近年來公部門的相關計畫，如文建會（現文化部）的社區總體營造、農委會水保局農村再生計畫、以及原民會的活力部落和安全部洛計畫等，開始了其社區建設之途，而且表現良好。本研究主要訪談化運和台東的社區的主事者、神職人員或地方菁英，了解他們在承接計畫推動社區建設的甘苦談。研究發現社區的原動力主要是來白於社區的主事者，此主事者願意花時間與居民溝通，了解社區的相關資源，且進行盤點，而且會積極培訓當地的人力，而非只是鞏固自己的勢力。更重要的是該主事者需擁有社區發展的理念，且能將這些理念傳遞給居民。社區的配合度也至關重要，居民必需具有改變的意願，也願進行培訓，改造社區。主事者必須具有從事社區發展的能力，包括申請方案，執行、核銷與撰寫報告的能力。目前有些社區已經逐漸脫離公部門的補助，往自主營運邁進。

The main purpose of this paper is to address the driving forces behind the development of remote areas. Therefore, in-depth interview was conduct with leaders of some of the most active tribes or communities to understand their development process. The development of tribes or communities located in the eastern Taiwan has been lagging behind the western region for very long time. The shortages include lack of government resources, infrastructure, and economic development. However, in recent years, some tribes or communities rely on applying plans from public sector, and begin to build up their tribes or communities. This study mainly interviews the leaders of tribes or communities, church pastors, deacons or local elites in Hualien and Taitung to understand the procedure of undertaking projects to promote the development of tribes and communities. This study found that the driving force of the tribe or community was mainly from the leader who would spend time to communicate with the local people. They are willing to carry out resource inventory and manpower in the community. At the same time, he must also have the ability to apply for programs, execute and write final reports. In the mean times, the cooperation of the residents is also important. Residents must have the willingness to change. They must have the vision toward the development of the community. They need to receive training and cooperate with leaders in order to transform the community. At present, some tribes or communities try to be financially independent from public sector. Of course, the number of successful tribes or communities in the eastern region is still limited, and most tribes or communities have stagnated due to lack of this fascinate leader, or fail to integrate. This phenomenon has agonized with the increasing aging population and urban and rural differences in resources.