臺灣視覺障礙生活重建與職業重建服務間轉銜概況及困境

The Difficulties between Life Rehabilitation and Vocational Rehabilitation of Visual Impairment in Taiwan

衛生福利部調查臺灣2015年至2016年6月各縣市政府辦理視覺障礙生活重建與職業重建現況，發現各縣市政府視覺障礙者生活重建與職業重建轉銜間存在諸多困難，本研究欲深入瞭解臺灣視覺障礙者重建服務之概況，了解視覺障礙者重建服務執行過程中的資源整合機制與實際服務轉銜情形。研究方法：本研究透過次級資料分析，資料來源為衛生福利部針對全省22個縣市視障者重建服務的「勞、社政聯繫會議」及「勞、社政轉銜服務狀況」調查。研究分析發現：（一）視障者運用生活重建多於職業重建，且生活重建族群以中高齡為主，就業或職業重建困難度高；（二）視覺障礙就業職種選擇性少，仍以按摩業為大宗；（三）縣市就業機會與大眾運輸系統的資源不均。研究建議：（一）對於視力缺損者的需求及人口應確實盤點；（二）加強雇主進用視覺障礙者的獎勵措施；（三）建立案例資料庫，促進成功經驗累積與傳承。讓視覺障礙者可以獲得更佳完善的重建服務。 The Ministry of Health and Welfare investigated the life rehabilitation and the vocational rehabilitation for people with visual impairment in Taiwan from June 2015 to June 2016. It was found that there are several difficulties between the life rehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation of the visual impairment. This study intended to provide an in-depth understanding of the rehabilitation services and the mechanism of resource integration and service transition for people with visual impairment. Methods: This study employed a secondary data analysis to understand the current services delivery, transition and dilemma between life rehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation for people with visual impairment. The study found that (1) people with visual impairment utilized more life rehabilitation than the vocational rehabilitation and were mainly middle-aged with the high difficulty in the vocational rehabilitation; (2) most of them had less job opportunities and worked at the massage industry; and (3) the resources unevenly distributed including the employment opportunities and the mass transportation system in each county and city. The study suggested the needs of people with visual population be investigated, the hiring strategies for the visual impairments encouraged, and the database of successful experience accumulated to provide a better and compressive rehabilitation services.