夏威夷主權運動

The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement

夏威夷群島在波里尼西亞地區具有重要的門戶地位，在十七世紀和西方航海者接觸後，夏威夷群島發展成為一個國際承認的君主立憲國家，儘管在1893年被美國武力推翻，並於1959年經過公投成為美國的一州，但恢復夏威夷主權的聲音未曾停止，其論述超越原住民族權利的範疇，對原住民族、國家與主權之關係的思考，有深刻而具啟發性的意義。本文包含幾個部份：（1）回顧夏威夷王國的歷史、其和西方勢力之間的關係，以及被美國兼併的過程；（2）介紹夏威夷主權運動的重要事件、演變與現況，並分析其和內部政治經濟發展、太平洋島國獨立浪潮、國際原住民族運動之間的關係；（3）檢視夏威夷主權運動的影響，包括對於王國歷史的重新認識、和本土環境意識的連結，以及原住民族與國家之關係的辯證等。最後，本文並將討論夏威夷主權運動對台灣的啟發。 Hawaiian Islands distributes in a very important strategic location in the Polynesian Region. After encountering the navigators from Europe in 17th century, Hawaii Islands developed into a Constitutional monarchy country recognized in the international society. Even though the Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown with the help of U.S. military force in 1893, and annexed as a state in 1959, the claim for restoring the Hawaiian sovereignty has never been stopped. The discourse of Hawaiian sovereignty movement goes beyond the discourse of indigenous rights, and provides insights for rethinking the relations between state and indigenous people. This article reviews the history of Hawaiian Kingdom, its relations with the Western countries, and the process of annexation. Furthermore, it describes the important events of Hawaiian sovereignty movement, its transition and current situation. This article also examines the influences of Hawaiian movement, its relevance to the decolonization process in the Pacific, and the inspiration it gives to understand the state/indigenous people relations. In the end, tit elaborates the lesson Taiwan indigenous peoples can learn from the Hawaiian experience.