The Real Problem of Bishop Sentences

主教句型的真正問題

Bishop sentences such as ＂If a bishop meets a bishop, he blesses him＂ have long been considered problematic for the descriptivist (or E-type) approach of donkey anaphora (e.g. Evans, 1977; Heim, 1990; and Neale, 1990). Elbourne (2005) offers a situational descriptivist analysis that allegedly solves the problem, and furthermore extends its explanatory coverage to bishop sentence with coordinate subjects. However, I throw serious doubts on Elbourne's analysis. Specifically, I argue that the purported solution is committed to the use of unbound anaphora, and it cannot sustain the claimed empirical adequacy. 描述性理論（或稱E-型理論）是對「驢子代詞」（donkey anaphora）的一種分析（如：伊凡斯（Evans, 1977），韓牧（Heim, 1990），尼爾（Neale, 1990））。此徑路常為人詬病的一點是無法解釋「主教句型」（bishop sentences）。艾勃（Elbourne, 2005）提出一套情境語義學（situation semantics）式的描述性理論，並宣稱該理論不僅能解決傳統描述性理論在說明主教句型時的困難，還能解釋另一種新的主教句型。本文旨在質疑艾勃的分析。我指出艾勃的解法不但使用了未受約束的指代詞（unbound anaphora），且其對新的主教句型的說明也並不適切。