倫理的意向性分析──以郎尼根思想為框架

Intentionality Analysis of Ethics: Lonergan's Thought as a Framework

郎尼根主張倫理意向性分析顯示出倫理行為是動態的。它包括：實在的知識、價值反省、價值判斷、決定與行動。實在的知識是透過認知理論的應用而達成的。再者，人基於對價值的無私渴求，會繼續追問一個更深的問題：「我應該做什麼？」如此人便進入倫理反省的範圍。在倫理反省中，人透過情感而意識到價值。此外，情感對價值的回應發生在情感視野中，情感視野會對價值範圍建構出一個方向，它會特別影響價值詢問、價值反省、深思熟慮、價值判斷、決定與行動。至於價值反省與價值判斷，通常是習慣性的。當人遇到新情境、新的情感和價值判斷的新問題時，人會啟動價值反省和價值判斷的新過程。倫理反省是可以自我修訂。人根據價值判斷，而作出決定與實踐決定。 Lonergan argues that intentionality analysis shows that ethical behavior is dynamic. It includes knowledge of reality, reflection on value, judgment of value, decision and action. Knowledge of reality is achieved through the application of cognitional theory. In addition, based upon the pure desire for value, human beings continue to ask a further question: ＂What should I do?＂. With this question, human beings enter the realm of ethical reflection. In ethical reflection, human beings become conscious of value through feelings. Moreover, feelings in response to value occur in the horizon of feelings. The horizon of feelings constitutes an orientation toward the realm of value. It especially affects inquiry into value, reflection on value, deliberation, judgment of value, decision and action. Reflection on value and judgment of value are usually habitual. When human beings encounter a new situation with new feelings and new questions of judgement of value, human beings start a new process of reflection on value and judgement of value. Ethical reflection can be self-correcting as human beings make decisions and put them into action based upon their judgments of value.