「文化清潔運動」與五○年代官方文藝論述下的主體建構－－一個詮釋架構的反思

The Cultural Sanitation Campaign' and the Subjective Practice for Discourse of Arts and Literature during the 1950s in Taiwan -The Introspection of Interpretative Schema

一九五四年開始的「文化清潔運動」是五○年代官方文藝論述的一環，此論述的主軸，可追溯至民國初年以來國民政府一貫的文化政策及其意識形態。此一意識形態意圖將文藝當作建立民族國家的一種必要的宣傳手段。在此工具論文學觀的帶領下，國民黨的文藝政策的目的，在於利用文藝工作進行主體規訓，以製造出符合政府意願的馴良公民。目前的研究，大多只從「禁制面向」詮釋整場運動，將這場運動與五○年代的時代背景緊密結合，將它看成一場文化整肅運動。本文試圖提出一個新的理解架構，從主體實踐的角度，重新反思「文化清潔運動」是甚麼？重要性何在？影響為何？以重探這場運動在現代文學史上之意義。 The Cultural Sanitation Campaign' launched m 1954 was a link m the official discourse of arts and literature m 1950s. The axis of this discourse can trace back to the cultural policy and its ideology of the Nationalist government since the early years of the Republic. The intent of this ideology is to take arts and culture as the necessary propaganda skills to build a nation state. Guided by instrumental view of literature, the purpose of the policy of arts and literature implemented by the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) aims to use the task of arts and literature in carrying out the subjective discipline in order to train docile citizens in line with government's aspiration. Most current studies focus on the interpretation of this campaign from the dimension of ban to make a close connection between this campaign and epochal background in 1950s, regarding it as a cultural purge campaign. This essay attempts to put forward one new comprehension schema to have retrospection for what is the meaning, significance and influence of 'The Cultural Sanitation Campaign' from the perspective of subjective practice, facing the meaning of this campaign head on in modern history.