台灣農地功能之研究：一般民眾與農民態度及空間差異的比較

Attitude Towards Agricultural Land Functions in Taiwan: A Comparative Study of the General Public and Farmers and of Spatial Difference

傳統的農業功能被界定在糧食生產，但在1980年代中期，西方先進國家提出了新的農業體制—後生產論與多功能農業（或多功能性）。新農業體制強調，除了生產糧食的功能之外，農業活動也可以形塑景觀、提供環境利益（例如土地保存、可更新資源的永續經營及生物多樣性的為維護）、以及有利於農村地區的發展等。由於土地為農業經營的基本因素，因此農地具有什麼功能遂成為實踐新農業體制的重要議題。本文採用李克特態度量表，進行一般民眾及農民的問卷調查，以了解受訪者對台灣農地功能的態度。在農民問卷的部分則針對二個台灣農村類型的代表地區進行調查，其中之一為宜蘭縣三星鄉大洲村，代表的是已經邁向新農業體制的調適型農村；另一為台南縣後壁鄉菁寮社區，其代表的是農地仍然用以生產為主的傳統型農村。不同的問卷調查使本文可以對一般民眾的態度與農民的態度進行比較，同時也可以對不同農村的農民態度進行比較。本文調查發現主要有三項：1.不論是一般民眾或是農民都具有新農業體制的認知，亦即他們認同農地具有多重功能—生產、生態及生活的功能。2.一般民眾較農民更具浪漫的鄉村情懷；在農地利用上，農民則相對務實與保守。3.不同農村型的農民具有不同的農地功能傾向，調適型農村的農民有比較高的比例同意，農地除了糧食生產的功能之外，還有其他的功能，例如環境保護、休閒等。 The traditional function of agriculture is for food production. Two new agricultural regimes – post-productivism and multifunctional agriculture (or multifuctionality) – are initiated in western advanced countries in the mid 1980s. The new agricultural regime state that “beyond its primary function of producing food and fibre, agricultural activity can also shape the landscape, provide environmental benefits such as land conservation, the sustainable management of renewable resources and preservation of biodiversity and contribute to the socio-economic viability of rural areas.” The land is the main factor for agricultural management, so that what function should agricultural land have is a critical issue for implementation of new agricultural regime. This paper conducts Likert’s scale questionnaires of general public and farmers in order to understand there attitude toward agricultural land functions Taiwan’s. The questionnaires of farmers are conducted in two ideal types of rural. One of them is Dachou village in I-Lan county which represents an adjusting rural space type toward new agricultural regime and other is Ginliou community in Tainan county which presents a traditional rural space type remain producing food and fibre as primary function of agricultural land use. The different questionnaire enables us to compare the attitude between general public and farmers, and also between farmers in different rural types. The findings show that: 1.Both of the general public and farmers have an attitude toward the new agricultural regime. This means that they agree that agricultural land has multiple functions— producing, ecological and living functions. 2.The general public is more romantic to rural idyll than farmers, and in agricultural land use farmers are more practical and conservative than the general public. 3.The farmers in different rural space have different attitudes toward agricultural land functions. The farmers in adjusted rural have a higher percentage of agree that beyond its primary function of producing food and fibre, agricultural land can also shape alternative functions—for environment protection, leisure and so on.