群眾科學：一個探索性的研究

Crowd Science: An Exploratory Study

科學的目的包括探求未知與解決問題，是人類社會邁向現代文明的重要途徑。傳統的科學講究菁英主義，大都是由少數專家來領導團隊進行研究，近年來由於網路發達、降低了各種通訊與溝通的成本，進而興起由科學家們來主導、同時開放群眾參與及投入的群眾科學。本文是一個探索性研究，採用質性的比較個案與歸納研究方法，提出一個分類的架構，經由整合程度與任務難度的兩個構面，將群眾科學分類為獅子型、猴子型、狼型、蜜蜂型四個不同類型的群眾科學，並據此分別討論群眾科學的運作方式與可能面對的管理挑戰與建議。 The significance of science lies in its mission towards exploring the unknown and solving the problems. As traditional science is solely carried out by a handful of experts, decreasing communication costs over the years have led to the rise of a crowd science that is scientist-led, with public participation and disclosure of intermediate inputs. As studies rarely investigate the meaning and content of crowd science, this paper draws on a typological approach to classify—firstly, based on its degree of integration, and secondly, based on the difficulty of the tasks. There are four types of crowd science: the ''Lion'' type, ''Monkey'' type, ''Wolf'' type, and ''Bee'' type, which we will discuss according to their different modes of operation and different challenges to management.