勞動法發展專題回顧：勞動法上之勞工與雇主概念的實務發展

The Developments of the Concepts of Labor and Employer under the Judicial Opinions

勞動法近年來隨著個別法和集體法修法作業接連的展開，特別是勞基法於2015年、2016年、2017年以及2018年，連續4年皆有部分條文修正，而新修正工會法、團體協約法，以及勞資爭議處理法，於2011年施行以來，於實務上已累積了許多重要的見解。其中由於企業經營型態與組織的多變、雇用型態以及勞務給付型態的多樣化，勞動法上的勞工與雇主越來越難加以認定，實務上的紛爭層出不窮。例如，不適用勞基法之行業或工作者，是否即非勞動法上的勞工？而勞動法上的雇主，是否僅限勞動契約上的當事人？勞工概念和雇主概念應如何劃分，是一個傳統的課題，卻時時要面臨新的挑戰。因此，本文聚焦於涉及如何認定勞動法上之勞工與雇主之實務見解，分別介紹法院之民事判決、行政法院之行政判決、裁決委員會之決定，以及司法院釋字，以期就此勞動法長期以來的重要議題，得以掌握實務見解的最新動態。 With the amendment of labor law, in particular, Labor Standards Act has amended some provisions in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018. And the newly amended Labor Union Act, Collective Agreement Act, and Act for Settlement of Labor-Management Disputes, have been implemented since 2011, there are many important judicial opinions in recent years. Due to the variety of business types and organizations, employment, and the diversification of labor patterns, it is increasingly difficult to identify the labor and employers in labor law, and practical disputes are constantly emerging. For example, is a worker whom Labor Standards Act is not apply to a non-labor law worker? Is the employer in the labor law limited to the parties to the labor contract? The concept of the worker and the concept of the employer are the old issues in labor law but always facing new challenges. Therefore, this essay focuses on how to identify the concepts of the worker and the employer in the labor law and respectively introduces the civil judgment of the court, the administrative judgment of the administrative court, the decisions on the Unfair Labor Practices of the Board for Decision on the Unfair LaborPractices, and Judicial Yuan interpretation, to keep abreast of the latest developments in practical insights on these important issues of labor law.