中國大陸土地承包經營權之若干立法建議

Legislative advice on land contracted management right in China

中國大陸與台灣因經濟制度不同（一為共產制度，一為資本制度），其農村社會各自發展出特有的經營方式，又因經營方式不同，發展出的權利義務亦有所不同。中國大陸因其共產制度於其農村地區發展出農村集體土地承包經營權，而農村集體土地承包經營權（以下簡稱「土地承包經營權」）是指農村集體成員為從事種植業、林業、畜牧業，透過集體簽訂承包合同的方式而對其承包的集體所有或者國家所有而由農民集體使用的土地所享有的占有、使用、收益和處分權利，它是中國農村集體經濟組織實行土地承包制產物，是大陸獨特法制發展歷程中的法律現象。惟土地承包經營權於其他大陸法系乃一特殊權利，有其特殊性，對於鄰近地區之國家，具有研究之價值，故本文就該權利之特殊性、法律關係及權利義務加以深入研究探討。 Due to the different economic systems (one is the communist system and the other is the capital system), the rural areas of China and Taiwan develop their own unique modes of management. And the rights and obligations they develop are also different due to different modes of management. Because of its communist system, China has developed the rural land contracted management right in the rural areas. Rural land contracted management right means “The rural collective members shall have the rights of possession, use, profit-taking and disposal of the land. The land owned collectively or owned by the government. The farmers used in cultivation, forestry and animal husbandry by signing the land contract.” It is the product for China's rural collective economic organizations of land contracted system. Also, it is a unique phenomenon to China legal system development process. However, land contracted management right is a particular right. And it has its own particularity. It is valuable of research for the neighboring countries. The paper research the particularity, legal relationship, the rights and obligations of land contracted management right.