大戟科能源植物麻瘋樹屬、油桐屬及烏桕屬之嫁接性質探討

Study on The Nature of Grafting of Euphorbiaceae Energy Plants Including Jatropha, Aleurites and Sapium

以千年桐為砧木進行油桐類嫁接，成活率分別為千年桐25.00±0.29%至100%，三年桐18.18±0.25%至63.64±0.28%；千年桐2月份嫁接總成活率60.63±26.03%，明顯高於4月份的11.11±0.19%（P=0.002）。千年桐嫁接當年可開雄花，隔年即可開雌花並順利結果。三年桐嫁接於千年桐無不親合性，其嫁接成活率為47.32±19.23%，雖低於千年桐嫁接千年桐的60.63±26.03%，但差異不顯著（P=0.1112）。石栗作為油桐類砧木必需夠成熟，木質化程度不足將導致高死亡率；以高接方式嫁接千年桐於3年生定植木上，頂芽劈接與側枝高接成活率沒有顯著差異，成活率分別為76.32±0.19%及71.43±0.06%；一年生石栗砧木嫁接成活率則僅約20%-40%。因砧木死亡導致嫁接不成活之比例，千年桐占了43%，三年桐34%；故油桐嫁接於石栗之應用性尚未能證實。麻瘋樹屬植物容易嫁接，種內及種間嫁接均無障礙，嫁接成活率可達100%，在非適期亦可達70%以上，不成活主要原因為砧木部份發生萎凋或死亡；嫁接當年即可開花，惟可能掛葉數量少使著果不良。烏桕屬對於嫁接適期要求較高，春季2-3月份嫁接成活率可達9成以上，其它月份則明顯下降，最高僅有50%左右，嫁接後隔年即可開花結果。 Inter- and intra-grafting among species of Aleurites genus was carried out. When A. Montana was used as a stock, the survival rates of A. montana ranged from 25.00 ± 0.29% to 100%; whereas those of A. fordii ranged from 18.18 ± 0.25% to 63.64 ± 0.28%. The total survival rates of grafting onto A. montana in February was 60.63 ± 26.03%, significantly higher than the 11.11 ± 0.19% (P = 0.002) of grafting in April. The grafted A. montana began to blossom male flowers the same year, and in the next year female flowers would blossom and successfully bearing fruit. There was no appreciable incompatibility when A. fordii was grafted to A. montana, and although the survival rates of 47.32 ± 19.23% was lower than the 60.63 ± 26.03% of the same species grafting, the difference was not significant (P = 0.11). When A. moluccana was the rootstock, it had to be mature. Insufficiently lignified stock caused high rates of mortality. When A. montana was top work grafted to 3-year-old stocks, there was no significant difference in survival rates between the apical buds grafted and the lateral branches grafted, being 76.32 ± 0.19% and 71.43 ± 0.06%, respectively. The 1-year-old A. moluccana stock, however, engendered survival rates of 20% to 40%. Mortality due to death of the stocks accounted for 43% and 34% of the A. montana and A fordii cases, respectively. Thus the practicality of grafting tung-oil trees onto A. moluccana is unproven in this study. Species of Jatropha genus was easily grafted. There was no apparent impediment both intra- and inter-species grafting, with survival rates often reaching 100%, or better than 70% even in unsuitable period. Failures were mainly due to partial wilting or death of the stocks. The post-grafting scions would flower the same year. Probably due to the lack of leave numbers, fruiting would be poor, however. The grafting of Sapium genus had higher demand on optimal periods. Grafting during spring months of February-March entailed a survival rates of ＞ 90%, whereas in other months, the survival rates showed significant decreases with the best ＜ 50%. A year after grafting, the scions would blossom and bear fruit.

Inter- and intra-grafting among species of Aleurites genus was carried out. When A. Montana was used as a stock, the survival rates of A. montana ranged from 25.00 ± 0.29% to 100%; whereas those of A. fordii ranged from 18.18 ± 0.25% to 63.64 ± 0.28%. The total survival rates of grafting onto A. montana in February was 60.63 ± 26.03%, significantly higher than the 11.11 ± 0.19% (P = 0.002) of grafting in April. The grafted A. montana began to blossom male flowers the same year, and in the next year female flowers would blossom and successfully bearing fruit. There was no appreciable incompatibility when A. fordii was grafted to A. montana, and although the survival rates of 47.32 ± 19.23% was lower than the 60.63 ± 26.03% of the same species grafting, the difference was not significant (P = 0.11). When A. moluccana was the rootstock, it had to be mature. Insufficiently lignified stock caused high rates of mortality. When A. montana was top work grafted to 3-year-old stocks, there was no significant difference in survival rates between the apical buds grafted and the lateral branches grafted, being 76.32 ± 0.19% and 71.43 ± 0.06%, respectively. The 1-year-old A. moluccana stock, however, engendered survival rates of 20% to 40%. Mortality due to death of the stocks accounted for 43% and 34% of the A. montana and A fordii cases, respectively. Thus the practicality of grafting tung-oil trees onto A. moluccana is unproven in this study. Species of Jatropha genus was easily grafted. There was no apparent impediment both intra- and inter-species grafting, with survival rates often reaching 100%, or better than 70% even in unsuitable period. Failures were mainly due to partial wilting or death of the stocks. The post-grafting scions would flower the same year. Probably due to the lack of leave numbers, fruiting would be poor, however. The grafting of Sapium genus had higher demand on optimal periods. Grafting during spring months of February-March entailed a survival rates of ＞ 90%, whereas in other months, the survival rates showed significant decreases with the best ＜ 50%. A year after grafting, the scions would blossom and bear fruit.