漂流木製造木炭及木醋液之研發與農林作物之栽培利用（I）針葉樹漂流木製造木炭與木醋液

Manufacture of Wood Charcoals and Wood Vinegars fromFloating Wood and Their Utilization on the Culture ofPlants (I) Manufacture of Wood Charcoalsand Wood Vinegars from Floating Softwood

本研究是將針葉樹漂流木以機械窯在炭化升溫速率15℃／hr，分別升溫至300、400、500、600、700及800℃，並持溫1hr，探討不同炭化溫度之木炭與木醋液基本性質。試驗結果得知，木炭之收率及電阻值隨炭化溫度之上升而降低，而碳元素含量、孔隙度及酸鹼值則隨炭化溫度之上升而增加之趨勢。木醋液為茶褐色或紅褐色的液體，含水率約在86.2-92.86%，比重在1.010-1.016之間，溶解焦油含量0.90-2.68%，pH值介於2.65-3.08，有機酸含量則在4.01-4.87%之間。不論何種炭化溫度木醋液有機成分之酸性物質、酚類物質與中性物質總含量相當；酸性物質以醋酸與丙酸為主；酚類物質以酚、2-甲氧基酚及2-甲氧基-4-甲基酚為主；中性物質則以2-呋喃甲醛、5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醛、1-羥基-2-丙酮及3-甲基-1, 2-環戊二酮為主。 The fundamental properties of wood charcoals and wood vinegars, made from floatingsoftwood using a small-scale steel kiln in our laboratory at a heating rate . of charcoalization of 15℃/hrwere examined. Charcoalization had been performed at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and800℃ and holding 1 hr for each temperature, respectively. The results indicated that the yield andelectric resistance of wood charcoals decreased with increasing charcoalization temperature. While, thecarbon content, porosity and pH value of wood charcoals increased with increasing charcoalization temperature.The wood vinegars were in dark brown with liquids, water content of 86.2-92.86%, specificgravity of 1.010-1.016, soluble tar content of 0.90-2.68%, pH of 2.65-3.08, and organic acid content of4.01-4.87%. Whatever charcoalization temperature used, the total amounts of acidic fraction, phenolfraction and neutral fraction of the wood vinegars organic components were to be equivalent. The aceticacid and propanoic acid of the acidic fraction, phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol and 2-methoxy-4-methyl-phenolof phenol fraction, and 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, and 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione of neutral fraction were the main components of eachfraction.

The fundamental properties of wood charcoals and wood vinegars, made from floatingsoftwood using a small-scale steel kiln in our laboratory at a heating rate . of charcoalization of 15℃/hrwere examined. Charcoalization had been performed at temperatures of 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and800℃ and holding 1 hr for each temperature, respectively. The results indicated that the yield andelectric resistance of wood charcoals decreased with increasing charcoalization temperature. While, thecarbon content, porosity and pH value of wood charcoals increased with increasing charcoalization temperature.The wood vinegars were in dark brown with liquids, water content of 86.2-92.86%, specificgravity of 1.010-1.016, soluble tar content of 0.90-2.68%, pH of 2.65-3.08, and organic acid content of4.01-4.87%. Whatever charcoalization temperature used, the total amounts of acidic fraction, phenolfraction and neutral fraction of the wood vinegars organic components were to be equivalent. The aceticacid and propanoic acid of the acidic fraction, phenol, 2-methoxy-phenol and 2-methoxy-4-methyl-phenolof phenol fraction, and 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, and 3-methyl-1,2-cyclopentanedione of neutral fraction were the main components of eachfraction.