台灣民營森林之永續經營

Challenge of the Private Holding Forests toward Sustainable Management in Taiwan

台灣民營森林的種類，若以森林持有權的觀點，包括了私有林、公有林、原住民保留地森林、國有林班租地造林、國有林班解除地及原野地之租地造林，以及陸續增加之農地造林，目前合計共有56萬ha的林地（占台灣森林面積的27%），為25萬個林主所擁有。這些森林土地由於制度背景與經營上的特性，想要朝向永續經營是相當困難的挑戰。本文提出一個民營林永續經營的內涵架構，認為經濟存活、環境確保、社會接受三個目的，是民營林永續經營同時所必須追求之最終目的，為達到這些目的，可以仰賴相對應的手段來完成。而吾人最終所期望看到的民營林永續經營的表象狀態是：林主因追求本身利益而有生產力及經營意願；森林因適當經營管理而具有健康性狀以及地區之多樣性；民營森林之有形產出與無形服務能維持社區的活力與傳承及滿足社會的需求。這些表象將可以發展適當的指標來衡量，與進行民營林永續性之監測。若有關當局有心導正民營林之經營朝向永續，本文所建議之IRCIMOs計畫，內容包含了掌握資訊（Information）、角色定位（Role）、社區發展（Community）、體質改善（Intervention）、目標監測（Monitoring）、增加機會（Opportunities），期盼可以作為改善民營森林經營逐漸朝向永續的工具。 Private Holding Forests (PHFs) are the forests managed by private or public (non-national)individual or organization. From the tenure viewpoint in timber and land, there are six kinds PHFs inTaiwan, including privately owned forest, publicly owned forest, aboriginal forest, national or publicforestland leased forests, and farmland forest. The PHFs totally have 560,000 ha (27% of forest coverageof Taiwan) and they were hold by 250,000 owners or holders. It is to be quite tough challenge for thePHFs toward sustainable management since the management obstinacy of these forests. In this article, weproposed a framework what should content in sustainable management for the PHFs. The frameworkpresented that “economically viable”, “environmentally sound”, and “socially acceptable” are the ultimatepurposes and should deserve to pursue simultaneously. In order to achieve these three purposes, it can be dependent on the corresponding executive means. Meanwhile, the author supposed that ideal appearancesof sustainable management in the PHFs are: 1. The holder has his or her own interests to manage and tobe productive of his or her forests. 2. The forests are health and diversity in different ecology and socialzones because of proper management and administration. 3. The tangible output or intangible service ofthe PHFs can maintain the vigor, tradition of the community, and meet society's demands. The threeappearances also can further develop the appropriate indicators to measure and monitor the sustainablemanagement of the PHFs. If authority were intended concern the sustainable management problems of thePHFs. We also proposed a IRCIMOs Plan; its content includes: Information, Role, Community,Intervention, Monitoring and Opportunities. The IRCIMOs plan expects to be an effective tool that helpsPHFs gradually toward sustainable management.

Private Holding Forests (PHFs) are the forests managed by private or public (non-national)individual or organization. From the tenure viewpoint in timber and land, there are six kinds PHFs inTaiwan, including privately owned forest, publicly owned forest, aboriginal forest, national or publicforestland leased forests, and farmland forest. The PHFs totally have 560,000 ha (27% of forest coverageof Taiwan) and they were hold by 250,000 owners or holders. It is to be quite tough challenge for thePHFs toward sustainable management since the management obstinacy of these forests. In this article, weproposed a framework what should content in sustainable management for the PHFs. The frameworkpresented that “economically viable”, “environmentally sound”, and “socially acceptable” are the ultimatepurposes and should deserve to pursue simultaneously. In order to achieve these three purposes, it can be dependent on the corresponding executive means. Meanwhile, the author supposed that ideal appearancesof sustainable management in the PHFs are: 1. The holder has his or her own interests to manage and tobe productive of his or her forests. 2. The forests are health and diversity in different ecology and socialzones because of proper management and administration. 3. The tangible output or intangible service ofthe PHFs can maintain the vigor, tradition of the community, and meet society's demands. The threeappearances also can further develop the appropriate indicators to measure and monitor the sustainablemanagement of the PHFs. If authority were intended concern the sustainable management problems of thePHFs. We also proposed a IRCIMOs Plan; its content includes: Information, Role, Community,Intervention, Monitoring and Opportunities. The IRCIMOs plan expects to be an effective tool that helpsPHFs gradually toward sustainable management.