森林防火線之探討－－生物化防火林帶

Exploration on the Forest Firebreaks-Biological Fire-Retarding Forest Belts

本文旨在探討森林防火線之研究發展與設置防火林帶之效益性。從各國近30 年來之研究來看，生土帶防火線之研究已趨減少，傳統之生土帶防火技術逐漸被生物化防火林帶所取代。防火林帶阻火機制可分三個層次：防火之樹種、結構與配置合理之林帶，及其形成之火熱環境。樹葉茂盛之樹冠能有效阻擋火焰的蔓延，而結構良好之林帶則能形成不利於可燃物火燒之環境；因而達到阻止森林火災蔓延、林分與森林多樣化與物種之維護、森林害蟲與疾病擴展防制，以及有利於國土保安、水資源保存、木材供給與非木材森林產品之保護等。此外，它更密切地結合林火控制與造林措施，以這種方式，被動的火災搶救已經轉變為火災的早期預防，並藉由適當植被與維護，取代傳統之火災搶救技術。亦即，生物化林帶效益是將社會性利益、生態性利益與經濟性之利益作緊密連結。臺灣係處於低緯度亞熱帶之海島型國家，氣候濕度高有利於防火林帶效果之發揮，此或為往後以天然方式來控制森林火災發展之考量方向。 The paper states the development of the firebreak research and the benefit on biological fireretarding forest belts. Carrying on the study for soil belts to have tended the decrease from all countries at recently for 30 years, the soil belts of the tradition brings the technique of fire prevention was gradually turned the biological forest belts to replace. The mechanism of fire retarding forest belts lays three levels. These are fire-retarding tree species, fire-retarding forest belts with rational structure and its fire environment. The crown with flourishes branches and leaves can effectively stop fire spreading. The fireretarding forest belts with rational structure can easily from the environment, which is unfavorable to fuel burning. In fact, the establishment of retardant species firebreak will effectively prevent the spread of forest fire, contribute to the improvement of forest species and stand, prevent the expansion of forest insects and disease. Besides, it closely combines forest fire control together with afforestation, in this way, passive defense has been turned into early prevention, properly planted and maintained they will replace traditional fire suppression technologies. That is advantage is that it closely combines social benefits, ecological benefits and economic benefits together. In Taiwan is placed in the subtropics island of low latitude, and the high humidity of the weather is benefit to biological forest belts to resist the fire spread. This is probably the direction of the development to control the forest fire with natural way in the future.

The paper states the development of the firebreak research and the benefit on biological fireretarding forest belts. Carrying on the study for soil belts to have tended the decrease from all countries at recently for 30 years, the soil belts of the tradition brings the technique of fire prevention was gradually turned the biological forest belts to replace. The mechanism of fire retarding forest belts lays three levels. These are fire-retarding tree species, fire-retarding forest belts with rational structure and its fire environment. The crown with flourishes branches and leaves can effectively stop fire spreading. The fireretarding forest belts with rational structure can easily from the environment, which is unfavorable to fuel burning. In fact, the establishment of retardant species firebreak will effectively prevent the spread of forest fire, contribute to the improvement of forest species and stand, prevent the expansion of forest insects and disease. Besides, it closely combines forest fire control together with afforestation, in this way, passive defense has been turned into early prevention, properly planted and maintained they will replace traditional fire suppression technologies. That is advantage is that it closely combines social benefits, ecological benefits and economic benefits together. In Taiwan is placed in the subtropics island of low latitude, and the high humidity of the weather is benefit to biological forest belts to resist the fire spread. This is probably the direction of the development to control the forest fire with natural way in the future.