紙質文物著生褐斑真菌類之分離與鑑別

Separation and Identification of Foxed Spots on Paperbased Cultural Relics

褐斑（Foxing）屬於紙張劣化的一種現象。此種黃、橘或棕色斑的污染不但降低珍貴書畫、藝品之典藏價值，更嚴重影響紙質文物之保存；如何維護此類受污、劣化之紙質文物，實為當務之急。經培養及鑑定紙張著生褐斑之真菌類，以Aspergillus 及Penicillium 兩屬真菌所佔比例最高。分別為：Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus ustus, Aspergillus spp.,Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium spp.,Chaetomium globosum, Trichoderma viride,Fusarium solani, Cladosporium sp., Rhizopus sp., Phoma sp.,Umbelopsis sp., Metarrhizium sp., Eurotium sp.等。在室溫下，隨相對濕度增高至70 % 相對濕度以上，真菌類於紙面上生長越發茂盛，60 % 以下相對濕度，可抑制真菌類微生物於紙張上之繁衍。 Foxing of paper-based cultural properties could be caused by the biodegradations. Brown stains not only apparently decrease the life of rare books, paintings and art crafts, but also affect the preservation of cultural relics. The aim of this study is to explore the contributing factors of foxed spots showed on paper-based materials. The experimental results are summarized as follows： Foxed spots usually showed yellowish color in the serface of paper artifacts. Hyphae and conidia of microorganisms were observed on the foxed area in SEM observation. Among 17 species of fungi isolated from paper-based materials of which the main species, were identified as the genera of Aspergillus and Penicillium. The foxing-causing fungi of Pineapple xuan paper were inhibited by less than 60% R.H. at room temperature, and over 70% R.H.,the fungal growth was very vigorous.

Foxing of paper-based cultural properties could be caused by the biodegradations. Brown stains not only apparently decrease the life of rare books, paintings and art crafts, but also affect the preservation of cultural relics. The aim of this study is to explore the contributing factors of foxed spots showed on paper-based materials. The experimental results are summarized as follows： Foxed spots usually showed yellowish color in the serface of paper artifacts. Hyphae and conidia of microorganisms were observed on the foxed area in SEM observation. Among 17 species of fungi isolated from paper-based materials of which the main species, were identified as the genera of Aspergillus and Penicillium. The foxing-causing fungi of Pineapple xuan paper were inhibited by less than 60% R.H. at room temperature, and over 70% R.H.,the fungal growth was very vigorous.