木材殘料之液化及其應用－－杉木木材液化及液化木材膠合劑製備

Liquefaction of Wood Residues and Its Utilization — Liquefaction of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Preparation of Liquefied Wood Adhesives

本研究旨在探討杉木木材在酚液體中以酸為催化劑進行液化處理之條件及其效果，實驗變因包含酚／木材之重量比、催化劑種類及添加量、木粉之粒徑大小及液化處理之時間等，並探討此液化木材全量應用於膠合劑製備之可行性。由試驗結果得知，催化劑種類及反應溫度為影響液化效果之主要因素。以H2SO4 為催化劑者，在催化劑添加量5 %，經130 ℃ 之液化溫度處理60 min時，其木粉已幾可完全溶解。以HCl 為催化劑者在110 ℃ 之液化溫度下亦有良好之液化效果，在130 ℃之液化溫度下則殘渣率明顯偏高，且其液化效果受木粉粒徑之大小所影響。木粉在酚液體中進行液化反應時有部分酚與木材產生結合。以H2SO4 為液化催化劑之液化杉木與甲醛反應所製備膠合劑（S-5-60及S-5-90）有較高粘度，較短膠化時間，其DSC 熱分析圖具有低溫側明顯且狹窄之放熱峰及高溫側微小而平緩之放熱峰，以HCl 為液化催化劑之C-10-60 則粘度較低，膠化時間較長，且僅有一寬廣之放熱峰。C-10-60 膠在135 ℃ 及145 ℃ 熱壓溫度下均有良好之合板常態及耐水膠合強度，S-5-60 及S-5-90 之膠合效果則較差，且其膠合強度受熱壓條件所影響。 This study investigated the condition of liquefaction of China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in phenol by acid as catalyst. The variance changed in this study including weight ratio of phenol to wood, kind and amount of catalyst, dimension of wood flour and time of liquefaction. The feasibility of adhesives prepared from liquefied wood was investigated too. Kind of catalyst and temperature of reaction were the most important factors influenced the effect of liquefaction. If H2SO4 was used as catalyst with 5 % concentration in phenol, wood flour would almost fully dissolved after 60 minutes of liquefaction with reaction temperature of 130 ℃. If HCl was used as catalyst, it had good liquefaction efficiency at reaction temperature of 110 ℃ but bad at 130 ℃, its efficiency would depend on the particle dimension of wood flour. Partialness of phenol would combine with wood after the reaction of liquefaction. Adhesives prepared from liquefied wood that used H2SO4 as catalyst, e.g. S-5-60 and S-5-90, had higher viscosity and shorter gel time. They appeared two exothermic peaks in their DSC thermograme, one at lower temperature with sharp and narrow shape, the other at higher temperature with small and broad shape. Adhesive prepared from liquefied wood that used HCl as catalyst, C-10-60, had lower viscosity and longer gel time. It appeared only one exothermic peak with flat and broad shape in DSC thermograme. Plywood made with C-10-60 and hot-pressed both at 135 ℃ or 145 ℃ had good dry and wet bonding strength. But plywood made with S-5-60 and S-5-90 were not so good as C-10-60, and their bonding strength was effected by the condition of hot pressing.

This study investigated the condition of liquefaction of China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) in phenol by acid as catalyst. The variance changed in this study including weight ratio of phenol to wood, kind and amount of catalyst, dimension of wood flour and time of liquefaction. The feasibility of adhesives prepared from liquefied wood was investigated too. Kind of catalyst and temperature of reaction were the most important factors influenced the effect of liquefaction. If H2SO4 was used as catalyst with 5 % concentration in phenol, wood flour would almost fully dissolved after 60 minutes of liquefaction with reaction temperature of 130 ℃. If HCl was used as catalyst, it had good liquefaction efficiency at reaction temperature of 110 ℃ but bad at 130 ℃, its efficiency would depend on the particle dimension of wood flour. Partialness of phenol would combine with wood after the reaction of liquefaction. Adhesives prepared from liquefied wood that used H2SO4 as catalyst, e.g. S-5-60 and S-5-90, had higher viscosity and shorter gel time. They appeared two exothermic peaks in their DSC thermograme, one at lower temperature with sharp and narrow shape, the other at higher temperature with small and broad shape. Adhesive prepared from liquefied wood that used HCl as catalyst, C-10-60, had lower viscosity and longer gel time. It appeared only one exothermic peak with flat and broad shape in DSC thermograme. Plywood made with C-10-60 and hot-pressed both at 135 ℃ or 145 ℃ had good dry and wet bonding strength. But plywood made with S-5-60 and S-5-90 were not so good as C-10-60, and their bonding strength was effected by the condition of hot pressing.