紙質文物著生褐斑構成成份之探究

Investigation on the Formation Mechanism of Foxed Spot Appeared on Paper-based Cultural Properties

本研究針對紙質文物褐斑現象之生化組成及紙面化學性質變化進行探討，結果摘要如后：在紙樣褐斑部位及誘發褐斑真菌類萃取液中，皆可發現含草酸、蘋果酸、乳酸等有機酸及γ-胺基丁酸等17種胺基酸成分，可知紙樣褐斑之成因與上述之有機酸及胺基酸成份有關。藉HPLC分析紙樣褐斑之萃取液，可測得含木糖及葡萄糖之醣類成份。微生物於紙質纖維上所造成之降解現象，可藉由生化組成分析及以ESCA配合顯微FTIR分析之結果加以評估。由於微生物之新陳代謝作用產生有機酸及胺基酸成份，使褐斑區域之ESCA圖譜中C3（C=O, -O-C-O-）或C4（-O-C=O）位置之碳原子含量百分比顯著高於空白紙樣，且由ESCA粗勘圖譜觀察，褐斑紙樣及真菌著生紙樣上顯現有氮元素之吸收峰，空白紙樣則闕如。由FTIR圖譜觀察知褐斑紙樣及接菌濾紙於代表 C=O 官能基之1,654 cm-1吸收峰及代表 N-H 官能基之1,550 cm-1吸收峰之相對強度顯著高於對照組。 The aims of this study are to investigate the biochemical components and surface chemical compositions of the foxed paper-based cultural properties. The experimental results were summarized as follows: organic acids, such as oxalic acid, malic acid, lactic acid and seventeen kinds of amino acids, especially the γ - aminobutyric acid, were observed in the foxed papers and foxing-causing fungi extraction, indicated that paper foxing spots were related 10 those organic acids and amino acids. The monosaccharides in the extractions of paper foxed area were identified as glucose and xylose from HPLC. In ESCA spectra, the metabolic products, such as organic acids and amino acids induced from microorganisms, revealed that C3 (-C=O, -O-C-O-) and C4 (-O-C=O) in foxed areas were higher than those of unfoxed papers. ESCA spectra also showed that nitrogens were observed for both of the foxed and fungi inoculated papers. The relative peak intensity of C=O at 1.654 cm-1 and N-H at 1.550 cm-1 in foxed and fungi inoculated papers were apparently higher than those of unfoxed papers from FTIR spectra.

The aims of this study are to investigate the biochemical components and surface chemical compositions of the foxed paper-based cultural properties. The experimental results were summarized as follows: organic acids, such as oxalic acid, malic acid, lactic acid and seventeen kinds of amino acids, especially the γ - aminobutyric acid, were observed in the foxed papers and foxing-causing fungi extraction, indicated that paper foxing spots were related 10 those organic acids and amino acids. The monosaccharides in the extractions of paper foxed area were identified as glucose and xylose from HPLC. In ESCA spectra, the metabolic products, such as organic acids and amino acids induced from microorganisms, revealed that C3 (-C=O, -O-C-O-) and C4 (-O-C=O) in foxed areas were higher than those of unfoxed papers. ESCA spectra also showed that nitrogens were observed for both of the foxed and fungi inoculated papers. The relative peak intensity of C=O at 1.654 cm-1 and N-H at 1.550 cm-1 in foxed and fungi inoculated papers were apparently higher than those of unfoxed papers from FTIR spectra.