壽山台灣獼猴（Macaca cyclopis）腸道線蟲的種類及分布

Intestinal Nematodes in Taiwanese Macaques (Macaca cyclopis) and Distribution in Shoushan

壽山國家自然八園地區之台灣獼猴因長期與遊客之間接觸，或因遊客不當行為及餵食導致台灣獼猴出現搶食甚至攻擊遊客之情形，因而增加了人畜共通傳染病傳播的風險。為了解台灣獼猴所帶原之人畜共通腸道線蟲感染情形，本研究利用糞便蟲卵檢測及分子生物學檢測法，針對壽山地區之台灣獼猴進行腸道寄生蟲物種鑑定。此外，本研究亦應用地理資訊系統及空間統計模式於流行病學資料分析以了解寄生蟲於此地區之空間分布現象。於 178 個台灣獼猴糞便有效樣本中，共檢出人鞭蟲（Trichuris trichiura）、腸結節蟲（Oesophagostomum aculeatum）、福氏桿線蟲（Strongyloides fuelleborni）、毛圓線蟲（Trichostrongylus sp.）等腸道寄生蟲。各腸道寄生蟲之感染率（95%信賴區間）分別為人鞭蟲 36.0% （28.9-43.0%）；福氏桿線蟲 18.0% （12.3-23.6%）；腸結節蟲 9.6% （5.2-13.9%）；毛圓線蟲 3.9% （1.1-6.8%）。流行病學分析結果顯示台灣獼猴所感染之腸道線蟲，包含人鞭蟲、福氏桿線蟲及腸結節蟲無顯著的空間及季節分布差異。本研究結果顯示壽山地區之獼猴族群所帶原之腸道線蟲，具有潛在的人畜共通傳播風險，野生動物管理及防疫單位應予以重視相關議題，也應持續進行監控以了解影響寄生蟲分布之因子，而本研究結果可做為遊客及棲地經營管理之參考。 The frequent contact between human and Taiwanese macaques (Macaca cyclopis) has raised concerns of zoonosis transmission in Shoushan National Nature Park. This study was aimed to understand the species and epidemiology of selected zoonotic intestinal nematoda in the population of Taiwanese macaque in Shoushan. One hundred and seventy-eight macaque fecal samples were collected for intestinal nematoda screening. In those samples, four intestinal nematoda were identified morphologically and by molecular technique. Those were Trichuris trichiura, Oesophagostomum aculeatum, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Trichostrongylus sp.. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of the four parasites were 36.0% (28.9-43.0%), 9.6 % (5.2-13.9%), 18.0% (12.3-23.6%), and 3.9% (1.1-6.8%), respectively. In this study, we also attempted to identify high prevalence areas as “hotspots” of intestinal parasites by utilizing Geographic Information System and spatial statistical models. However, we did not find any significant difference in spatial and temporal distribution for the parasite of T. trichiura, O. aculeatum, S. fuelleborni in the sampling area. Our findings indicated the potential risk of pathogen transmission between Taiwanese macaques and human. These results are critical information for the management of zoonotic pathogens in the Taiwanese macaques and prevention of pathogen transmission between human and macaques.

The frequent contact between human and Taiwanese macaques (Macaca cyclopis) has raised concerns of zoonosis transmission in Shoushan National Nature Park. This study was aimed to understand the species and epidemiology of selected zoonotic intestinal nematoda in the population of Taiwanese macaque in Shoushan. One hundred and seventy-eight macaque fecal samples were collected for intestinal nematoda screening. In those samples, four intestinal nematoda were identified morphologically and by molecular technique. Those were Trichuris trichiura, Oesophagostomum aculeatum, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Trichostrongylus sp.. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of the four parasites were 36.0% (28.9-43.0%), 9.6 % (5.2-13.9%), 18.0% (12.3-23.6%), and 3.9% (1.1-6.8%), respectively. In this study, we also attempted to identify high prevalence areas as “hotspots” of intestinal parasites by utilizing Geographic Information System and spatial statistical models. However, we did not find any significant difference in spatial and temporal distribution for the parasite of T. trichiura, O. aculeatum, S. fuelleborni in the sampling area. Our findings indicated the potential risk of pathogen transmission between Taiwanese macaques and human. These results are critical information for the management of zoonotic pathogens in the Taiwanese macaques and prevention of pathogen transmission between human and macaques.