新安具眼：詹景鳳與晚明鑑賞家的地域競爭

本文將鑑賞家競爭的議題置於明代士人崇尚鄉邦的脈絡中討論，透過剖析徽州文人詹景鳳筆下晚明鑑藏家群起爭雄的面向，觀察其以「崇徽貶吳」的文化主張作為與江南文化中心蘇州展開競爭論述的憑藉，以究明當代文人如何運用地域意識推動文化發展及展開區域競爭。明代中期以降，鑑藏的社會風氣興盛，成為士商共同分享的文化活動。市場對於藝術品的廣大需求與偽製品的增加，使得鑑賞家的角色舉足輕重。然而，江南鑑藏界在文徵明歿後至董其昌崛起前，呈現無法定於一尊的局面，以致蘇州、松江、嘉興以及徽州等地的鑑賞家，各自憑恃著鑑賞眼力及藏品豐富等優勢，角逐書畫鑑藏領域的宗主地位，也反映了當時江南文化圈中的地域競爭現象。其中，徽州文人詹景鳳將個人鑑賞眼光的卓越與地域文化的優越性緊密相連，是當時地域意識最明確的一位。晚明新興崛起的徽州，領有商業蓬勃發展的優勢，已隱隱有與江南鑑藏中心蘇州並駕齊驅之勢。詹氏即自詡為徽州人的代表，以己之「新安具眼」可敵吳人，提出「崇徽貶吳」的主張，多方與蘇州文人爭勝，在為鄉里爭取地域聲望的同時，也提升個人的聲望以爭取文化領導權。而詹氏及當代文人對於蘇州的對抗心態，也反映了晚明門戶之見下的區域互動，實兼具有競爭與仿效的意涵。 This study explores how regional competition occurred in Jiangnan area art circles during the late Ming and how late Ming connoisseurs cultivated regional awareness to promote the cultural development of their hometowns. Since the mid-Ming, the trend of appreciating and collecting paintings and calligraphic works had become popular among people of different social classes. At the same time, due to the increase of forgeries and demand for artwork, the task of authenticating artwork had become increasingly important. However, during the period after Wen Zhengming’s death and before Dong Qichang, the leading authority on authentication had not yet been determined. Thus, late Ming connoisseurs all rose to contend for the leadership in connoisseurship. The Huizhou literati connoisseur Zhan Jingfeng, who was the strongest influence with respect to developing regional consciousness, challenged the cultural supremacy of Suzhou, declaring he would “downgrade Suzhou while honoring Huizhou” with the slogan “Xinan ju yan(新安具眼)” (”equipped with the eyes of Xinan”). Zhan Jingfeng and his peers challenged their rivals regarding authentication leadership, reflecting regional interaction in the context of sectarianism. It is noteworthy that competition and imitation were both found in this rivalry.

This study explores how regional competition occurred in Jiangnan area art circles during the late Ming and how late Ming connoisseurs cultivated regional awareness to promote the cultural development of their hometowns. Since the mid-Ming, the trend of appreciating and collecting paintings and calligraphic works had become popular among people of different social classes. At the same time, due to the increase of forgeries and demand for artwork, the task of authenticating artwork had become increasingly important. However, during the period after Wen Zhengming’s death and before Dong Qichang, the leading authority on authentication had not yet been determined. Thus, late Ming connoisseurs all rose to contend for the leadership in connoisseurship. The Huizhou literati connoisseur Zhan Jingfeng, who was the strongest influence with respect to developing regional consciousness, challenged the cultural supremacy of Suzhou, declaring he would “downgrade Suzhou while honoring Huizhou” with the slogan “Xinan ju yan(新安具眼)” (”equipped with the eyes of Xinan”). Zhan Jingfeng and his peers challenged their rivals regarding authentication leadership, reflecting regional interaction in the context of sectarianism. It is noteworthy that competition and imitation were both found in this rivalry.