參與環境服務給付政策可能影響因素之分析：地主觀點

A Study on the Affecting Factors of Participation on the Policy of Payments of Environmental Services: Landowners' Perspectives

許多國家開始進行一系列的環境服務給付措施（payment of environmental service, PES），除了居民從這些方案獲得許多經濟收入，也有利於整體之森林經營環境，也讓當地居民對於森林維護表現更正面的態度。一般研究政策之參與決策行為大多採用決策模型，並詢問受訪者是否有意願參與來進行實證分析影響因素，然而當政策之內涵較難使受訪者瞭解時，則受訪結果也可能產生偏差。因此本研究試圖使用一個新的方法，以分析民眾參與環境服務給付政策之影響因素，並嘗試找出潛在參與民眾之特性。首先，本研究建立一個民眾參與環境服務給付政策之決策模型，將是否參與政策之結果視為無法觀察到的潛在變數，接著本研究根據過去文獻設計問卷，透過許多題項瞭解地主對於政策之看法、態度與認知，再將這些政策看法、態度與認知視為觀察得到的觀察變數，利用因素分析法萃取並分類出構面因素。其次，利用多重迴歸分析法探討影響這些構面因素之因子，進而分析可能影響民眾是否參與環境給付政策之因素，並瞭解潛在可能參加環境給付政策之民眾其所可能具備的特性因子。本研究期待這樣一個新的理論模式與實證結果能提供我國林業部門，在制訂相關環境給付政策決策之參考。 Many countries have carried out a series of payments of environmental services (PES), by which the habitants have acquired a lot of economic income, while the whole forest management environment has received benefits, and the habitants also take a positive attitude toward forest conservation. In general, most of the previous works on the decision behavior of participation in policies applied the decision making model, and inquired the respondents whether they have willingness to participate, so that the factors of affecting the decision can be analyzed empirically. However, if the intention of the policy is hard to be understood by the respondents, the analyzed results may have more biases. As a result, this paper intends to develop a new method to analyze the factors that influence the inhabitants' participation in PES, and tries to find those inhabitants' potential characteristics. First, this paper establishes a decision-making model of the public's participation in the PES, which takes the result of whether to participate in the PES as an unobservable potential variable. Then, this paper bases the previous literature to design our questionnaire, which includes a lot of questions to realize landowners' opinions, attitude and cognition toward this policy. Regarding those policy opinions, attitude and cognition as observable variables, we apply the factor analysis approach to extract and classify dimension factors. Second, we apply the multiple regression analysis to investigate the factors that influence those dimension factors, and further analyze the factors that could affect the public's participation in the PES. In addition, the analysis is used to realize the potential people that participate in the PES, and their characteristics. This paper expects that such a novel theoretical model and empirical results are capable of providing a reference to the forestry sector in Taiwan to draw up the policies on PES.

Many countries have carried out a series of payments of environmental services (PES), by which the habitants have acquired a lot of economic income, while the whole forest management environment has received benefits, and the habitants also take a positive attitude toward forest conservation. In general, most of the previous works on the decision behavior of participation in policies applied the decision making model, and inquired the respondents whether they have willingness to participate, so that the factors of affecting the decision can be analyzed empirically. However, if the intention of the policy is hard to be understood by the respondents, the analyzed results may have more biases. As a result, this paper intends to develop a new method to analyze the factors that influence the inhabitants' participation in PES, and tries to find those inhabitants' potential characteristics. First, this paper establishes a decision-making model of the public's participation in the PES, which takes the result of whether to participate in the PES as an unobservable potential variable. Then, this paper bases the previous literature to design our questionnaire, which includes a lot of questions to realize landowners' opinions, attitude and cognition toward this policy. Regarding those policy opinions, attitude and cognition as observable variables, we apply the factor analysis approach to extract and classify dimension factors. Second, we apply the multiple regression analysis to investigate the factors that influence those dimension factors, and further analyze the factors that could affect the public's participation in the PES. In addition, the analysis is used to realize the potential people that participate in the PES, and their characteristics. This paper expects that such a novel theoretical model and empirical results are capable of providing a reference to the forestry sector in Taiwan to draw up the policies on PES.