臺灣果菜批發市場勞動使用效率之探討：隨機邊界分析法之應用

Efficiency of Labour-Use in Taiwan's Fruit and Vegetable Wholesale Market: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

果菜批發市場具有公用事業的性質，因此果菜批發市場經理人常為某種目的而調整盈餘，使得年報資料上的盈虧資料無法適切地表達真實的經營狀態，若以傳統營運量或值作為產出之分析經營效率的方式，將無法真確地反應出果菜批發市場的營運效率。而較佳的方式是從勞動的效率來分析各市場表現。本研究為文獻上首次採用隨機邊界法探討農產品批發市場勞動使用效率，對果菜批發市場勞動使用效率進行衡量並比較，以及解析影響果菜批發市場勞動使用之因素。本研究發現果菜批發市場勞動使用確實存在無效率的狀況，在1994-2006之研究期間平均無效率程度約為38.56%。無效率程度隨市場之等級、類型等市場特性而不同。研究辨別出：在市場規模越大、單一蔬菜市場、採取拍賣及議價交易等市場，其無效率值愈高。勞動使用彈性之實證結果亦如預期的顯示：勞動使用之價格彈性為負，總交易值對勞動使用則有正的影響。 The fruit and vegetable wholesale market has a nature of public utility, and there is an inducement which market managers can adjust the surplus. Both factors cause the profit and loss information on the annual report cannot show the true operating state appropriately. If in terms of using the traditional amount or value as analyzing the efficiency of output, it will not reflect the true efficiency of fruit and vegetable wholesale market. A better way is to analyze each market's performance according to its labor-use efficiency. This study in the literature is the first time to explore this inefficiency in the agricultural product market, as we apply stochastic frontier analysis to measure and compare the labor-use efficiency of the fruit and vegetable wholesale market. In addition to this, we establish the factors that affect the labor-use of the fruit and vegetable wholesale markets.The study found that the labor use of the fruit and vegetable wholesale market actually existed inefficiency. During the study period 1994-2006 the average inefficiency was 38.56%. Inefficiency will be changed with owing to the class, type and market characteristics market. The study identified: the larger market class, a single vegetable market and trading with auctions and bargaining, the higher the inefficiency is. The empirical result of labor-use elasticity is also expected to show that: the price elasticity of labor-use is negative, and the total value of transacted toward labor-use has a positive effect.

The fruit and vegetable wholesale market has a nature of public utility, and there is an inducement which market managers can adjust the surplus. Both factors cause the profit and loss information on the annual report cannot show the true operating state appropriately. If in terms of using the traditional amount or value as analyzing the efficiency of output, it will not reflect the true efficiency of fruit and vegetable wholesale market. A better way is to analyze each market's performance according to its labor-use efficiency. This study in the literature is the first time to explore this inefficiency in the agricultural product market, as we apply stochastic frontier analysis to measure and compare the labor-use efficiency of the fruit and vegetable wholesale market. In addition to this, we establish the factors that affect the labor-use of the fruit and vegetable wholesale markets.The study found that the labor use of the fruit and vegetable wholesale market actually existed inefficiency. During the study period 1994-2006 the average inefficiency was 38.56%. Inefficiency will be changed with owing to the class, type and market characteristics market. The study identified: the larger market class, a single vegetable market and trading with auctions and bargaining, the higher the inefficiency is. The empirical result of labor-use elasticity is also expected to show that: the price elasticity of labor-use is negative, and the total value of transacted toward labor-use has a positive effect.