評估實施碳稅對國內電力部門之影響

Evaluating the Impacts of Carbon Tax on Taiwan Power Sector

本研究主要研究目的為評估未來實施碳稅對國內電力部門之影響，及其可能之二氧化碳減量之水準。電力部門必須提供充裕可靠電力與滿足用電戶之需求，故即使實施碳稅，仍必須在提供充裕電力供輸的前提下，尋求如何提高發電效率、減少輸配電損失、調整不同機組的發電量或其他方式，以期降低二氧化碳之排放量。本研究根據價格內生化理論，利用數學規劃方式建立台灣之電力部門模型進行實施碳稅之模擬與分析。研究結果顯示，供電能力與發電量方面，當實施碳稅後，由於燃煤機組相較於其他發電機組會排放較多二氧化碳，因此，發電方式將以核能和水力來取代火力發電；在二氧化碳排放方面，若每公噸二氧化碳課徵的碳稅在50美元時，電力部門二氧化碳的減排放量將可達到顯著的數量，此時的電力市場價格將會上升一倍；因此未來若採取碳稅措施於電力部門將有顯著地減少二氧化碳排放，但是價格會顯著上升。 The major purpose of this study is to estimate the potential impacts of carbon tax on Taiwan Power Sector. To do this end, Taiwan Power Sector Model (TPSM) is established based on price endogenous theory with application of mathematical programming while the carbon tax policy is also incorporated into this TPSM. Empirical results indicate that electricity price and quantity as well as welfare will be significantly affected by carbon tax. We also found that US$ 50 per ton of carbon tax has significantly reduced the emission of carbon dioxide but electricity price will be increased one time.

The major purpose of this study is to estimate the potential impacts of carbon tax on Taiwan Power Sector. To do this end, Taiwan Power Sector Model (TPSM) is established based on price endogenous theory with application of mathematical programming while the carbon tax policy is also incorporated into this TPSM. Empirical results indicate that electricity price and quantity as well as welfare will be significantly affected by carbon tax. We also found that US$ 50 per ton of carbon tax has significantly reduced the emission of carbon dioxide but electricity price will be increased one time.