論李奧波德的生態中心主義──以《沙郡年記》中的威斯康辛州和沙郡為例

On Leopold’s Ecocentrism: Wisconsin State and Sand County in A Sand County Almanac

當前主流學術界關於謝靈運山水詩作的詮釋，主要多從魏晉李奧波德 （Aldo Leopold, 1887-1948） 的生態中心主義（ecocentrism） 向來頗負盛名。根據 J. Baird Callicott 的看法，這個觀點是李奧波德土地倫理的強項，但也引發對手的批評。我認為，在《沙郡年記》（A Sand County Almanac） 這本經典著作裡，李奧波德的中心思想確實是生態學的觀點，由此輻射出去，倫理學和美學才跟生態學鑲嵌在一起。本篇論文將把分析的主要文本，限縮在《沙郡年記》裡關於威斯康辛州和沙郡的自然書寫，企圖證明李奧波德最在地的描繪，也是散發出濃郁的生態中心主義的氣氛，並分析由此衍生的理論難題。本篇論文的文本分析，亦將聯結到臺灣本土的脈絡。 Leopold (Aldo Leopold, 1887-1948) is famous for his ecocentrism. According to J. Baird Callicott’s opinion, this point of view is the strength of land ethic but also liability to be criticized. I think that the central idea of A Sand County Almanac is indeed ecological thought, from which ethics and aesthetics are imbedded. The major text I will analyze is limited to Wisconsin State and Sand County in A Sand County Almanac. I attempt to prove that even in the most local painting, Leopold’s nature writings are rich in ecocentrism. I will also analyze the theoretical problems derived. In the analysis of the text, I will link to local context in Taiwan.

Leopold (Aldo Leopold, 1887-1948) is famous for his ecocentrism. According to J. Baird Callicott’s opinion, this point of view is the strength of land ethic but also liability to be criticized. I think that the central idea of A Sand County Almanac is indeed ecological thought, from which ethics and aesthetics are imbedded. The major text I will analyze is limited to Wisconsin State and Sand County in A Sand County Almanac. I attempt to prove that even in the most local painting, Leopold’s nature writings are rich in ecocentrism. I will also analyze the theoretical problems derived. In the analysis of the text, I will link to local context in Taiwan.