奈斯的深層山林哲學

Naess’s ecosophy of mountain climbing and ecoforestry

奈斯作為一位山林哲學家的說法並不突兀，事實上山／林（mountain/forest） 在深層生態學中反省淺層生態學的生產模式與消費倫理時，它們一直都在，在這個脈絡中作為深度與厚實的基底被淺嚐著或被無情斫殺。本文以奈斯攀登世界級高山 Tirich Mir 與尼泊爾赤仁瑪峰 （Tseringma），以及在 Tvergastein 的山中生活來敘述奈斯的登山哲學。其次，在深層生態學運動的發展過程，一種改革浪潮的生態林業 （ecoforestry） 取代了傳統的山林產業，生態林業符應生態學的典範，並以生態中心的價值為基礎，其目的在於維持與回復森林完全的功能，以及自然森林生態系統永續；從自然林復育實踐者希米 （Iliff Simey） 與奈斯全集的編者之一的德倫森（Alan Drengson） 的觀點，可以說生態林業理論與實務和奈斯主張的生態哲學思想是一致的。 It is not so strange to say that Naess’s ecosophy is not lack of the contents of mountain climbing and ecoforestry. Especially, these reflections are provided for the arguments in the context of productive mode and ethical consumption. In Naess’s view, mountain and forestry is not stable and integrity anymore. In this article, I organize three extraordinary experiences in Naess’s lifetime-in 1950 he reached the highest summit of Tirich Mir, Tseringma worship and the mountain life of Tvergastein to support his philosophy of mountain climbing. Furthermore, ecoforestry as a revolutionary paradigm was arisen in the movement of deep ecology. I propose two cases of nature forest practice Iliff Simey and practicing nature’s wisdom Alan Drengson to demonstrate that Naess’s view of ecoforestry is consistent with his ecosophy.

It is not so strange to say that Naess’s ecosophy is not lack of the contents of mountain climbing and ecoforestry. Especially, these reflections are provided for the arguments in the context of productive mode and ethical consumption. In Naess’s view, mountain and forestry is not stable and integrity anymore. In this article, I organize three extraordinary experiences in Naess’s lifetime-in 1950 he reached the highest summit of Tirich Mir, Tseringma worship and the mountain life of Tvergastein to support his philosophy of mountain climbing. Furthermore, ecoforestry as a revolutionary paradigm was arisen in the movement of deep ecology. I propose two cases of nature forest practice Iliff Simey and practicing nature’s wisdom Alan Drengson to demonstrate that Naess’s view of ecoforestry is consistent with his ecosophy.