市場化媒體新聞專業主義表現之研究──以中國大陸南方報業傳媒集團為例

The study of the news professionalism of the “market media＂ in China

中國大陸的報業存在著一批有別於黨媒，以隸屬廣東省委的「南方報業傳媒集團」旗下的《南方都市報》、《南方週末》和《南都週刊》為代表，即使在廣東省委宣傳部管控下，這些媒體仍漸進式地朝向市場化、大眾化、和專業化的方向邁進。本文援用Bourdieu的場域、慣習、與資本理論作為探討架構，輔以新聞專業主義的內涵，採用次級資料分析與深度訪談法，成功訪談13位「南方報業傳媒集團」出走的新聞工作者發現，南方報業傳媒集團所處廣東省的場域，新聞管制相對較具彈性，新聞專業表現最突出的時期在2000～2010年，大量推出深度報導和跨地區新聞輿論監督報導，致力與政治控制進行博弈。這些新聞工作者的自我角色認知，傾向「監督對立」與「鼓吹民意」，並且認為新聞媒體應扮演好「第四權」角色。其次，南方報業傳媒集團新聞記者在專業知識、專業承諾、及專業責任、及專業自主，各方面均呈現高度追求新聞專業主義表現。由於報業集團不吝投入採訪成本，新聞工作者得以在其中，接受特殊的組織文化涵養，最終擁有獨特的經濟、文化、社會、與象徵性資本。 There are a few newspapers are different than those organs of the party in China. Among them, “Southern Metropolis Daily”, “Southern Weekly”, and “Southern Metropolis Weekly” from the Southern newspaper media group are good examples. Despite under the control of the Guangdong provincial party committee propaganda department, these newspapers are still moving towards market-oriented, popular, and professional direction. By adopting Bourdieu's theory of field, habit, and capital, this study employed the methods of “secondary data analysis” and “in-depth interviews” and interviewed 13 former journalists and leaders from the group. The research found that the political control under the Guangdong Province field was relatively relaxed, the best performance of news professionalism was from 2000 to 2010. A large number of in-depth and the cross-regional news supervision by public opinion were reported and dedicated to game with the political control. Their journalistic role conception tends to be “adversarial” and “populist mobilizer”, they also advocate the media role as the four estate. Secondly, they performed a high degree of news professionalism from the aspects of the professional knowledge, professional commitment, professional responsibility, and professional autonomy. Due to the high cost input from the newspaper group, the journalists and leaders could be cultivated from the special organizational culture and finally possess the unique economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital.

There are a few newspapers are different than those organs of the party in China. Among them, “Southern Metropolis Daily”, “Southern Weekly”, and “Southern Metropolis Weekly” from the Southern newspaper media group are good examples. Despite under the control of the Guangdong provincial party committee propaganda department, these newspapers are still moving towards market-oriented, popular, and professional direction. By adopting Bourdieu's theory of field, habit, and capital, this study employed the methods of “secondary data analysis” and “in-depth interviews” and interviewed 13 former journalists and leaders from the group. The research found that the political control under the Guangdong Province field was relatively relaxed, the best performance of news professionalism was from 2000 to 2010. A large number of in-depth and the cross-regional news supervision by public opinion were reported and dedicated to game with the political control. Their journalistic role conception tends to be “adversarial” and “populist mobilizer”, they also advocate the media role as the four estate. Secondly, they performed a high degree of news professionalism from the aspects of the professional knowledge, professional commitment, professional responsibility, and professional autonomy. Due to the high cost input from the newspaper group, the journalists and leaders could be cultivated from the special organizational culture and finally possess the unique economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital.