中藥材品質調查   全文下載

Investigation of the Quality of Chinese Herbs

本調查於台北地區價購黃耆、黃芩、黃連、黃蘗、葛根、桂皮、厚朴、柴胡、地黃、芍藥、大黃、澤瀉、麻黃、牛黃、大棗、延胡索、山梔子、牡丹皮、山茱萸、五味子、蒼耳子、鉤藤、莪朮、酸棗仁、百合、百部、丹參、續斷、巴戟天、天麻等三十種中藥材，每種藥材各約10件，計300件之檢體，就乾燥減重、總灰分、酸不溶性灰分、稀醇抽提物及水抽提物等項目試驗。其中黃芩、葛根、厚朴、大黃、芍藥、黃連、黃蘗、梔子、牡丹皮、麻黃等十種中藥材同時就指標成分含量予以測定。另外，亦透過台北區製藥公會搜集各中藥廠依本調查之分析方法，提供各廠商相關藥材之實驗數據，以及文獻中相關之檢驗資料一併歸納整理。綜合以上結果，乾燥減重項，超出Mean+S.D.值之檢體數達15.87%以上之藥材有黃芩、桂皮、地黃、蒼耳子、百部、丹參等共36件，佔總檢體數（1077件）之3.34%；總灰分項，超出Mean+S.D.值之檢體數達15.87%以上之藥材有葛根、厚朴、大棗、五味子、鉤藤、莪朮、百合、百部、丹參、續斷等共64件，佔總檢體數（968件）之6.61%；酸不溶性灰分項，超出Mean+S.D.值之檢體數達15.87%以上之藥材有黃連、黃耆、厚朴、柴胡、莪朮、丹參、續斷、巴戟天等共53件，佔總檢體數（968件）之5.48%；稀醇抽提物項，低於Mean-S.D.之檢體數達15.87%以上之藥材有黃耆、山茱萸、巴戟天、天麻等共27件，佔總檢體數（968件）之2.79%；水抽提物項，低於Mean-S.D.之檢體數達15.87%以上之藥材有黃耆、葛根、桂皮、麻黃、山茱萸、五味子、蒼耳子、百合等共27件，佔總檢體數（567件）之4.46%；指標成分含量測定方面，其含量範圍分別為：黃芩之baicalin 1.92~42.22%；黃連之berberine 3.00~8.80%；黃蘗之berberine 0.25~10.87%；葛根之puerarin 0.01~5.72%；厚朴之magnolol未檢出～2.97%；芍藥之paeoniflorin 0.22~6.15%；麻黃之ephedrine未檢出～2.51%；山梔子之geniposide 4.35~18.50%；牡丹皮之paeonol 0.01~2.82%；牡丹皮之paeoniflorin 0.21~11.80%；大黃之sennoside A 0.02~2.09%。各藥材指標成分之含量差異頗大，同一種藥材，其指標成分含量甚至有高達數百倍之差距，例如葛根之puerarin。

In this investigation, thirty kinds of marketed Chinese herbs including Astragalus Mongholicus, Scutellaria Baicalensis, Coptise Chinensis, Phellodendron Amurense, Pueraria Lobata, Cinnamomum Cassia, Magnolia Officinalis, Bos Taurus, Corydalis Yanhusuo, Bupleurum Chinese, Rehmannia Glutinosa, Paeonia Veitchii, Rheum Palmatum, Alisma Plantago-Aquatica, Ephedra Sinica, Zizyphus Jujuba, Gardenia Jasminoides, Paeonia Suffruticosa, Cornus Officinalis, Schizandra Chinensis, Xanthium Strumarium, Zizyphus Spinosa, Uncaria Rhynchophylla, Curcuma Zedoaria, Lilium Brownii, Stemona Sessilifolia, Saliva Miltiorrhiza, Dipsacus Asper, Morinda Officinalis, and Gastrodia Elata were analyzed.Loss drying, diluted ethanol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive, total ash and acid-insoluble ash of herbs were carried out. In addition, the determination of marker constituent of Baicalin in Scutellaria Baicalensis, Berberine in Coptise Chinensis and Phellodendron Amurense, Puerarin in Pueraria Lobata, Magnolol in Magnolia Officinalis, Paeoniflorin in Paeonia Veitchi, Ephedrine in Ephedra Sinica, Geniposide in Gardenia Jasminoides, Paeonol and Paeoniflore in Paeonia Suffruticosa and Sennoside A in Rheum Palmatum were also analyzed.Loss drying yielded the following results. There were seven kinds of Chinese herbs with their data over the value of Mean+S.D. higher than 15.87% including such as Scutellaria Baicalensis, Cinnamomum Cassia, Rehmannia Glutinosa, etc. These thirty-six samples of seven kinds of Chinese herbs accounted for 3.34% of the total 1077 samples analyzed.In the total ash, there were ten kinds of Chinese herbs with their data over the value of Mean+S.D. higher than 15.87% including Pueraria Lobata, Magnolia Officinalis, Zizyphus Jujuba, etc. These sixty-four samples of 10 kinds of Chinese herbs accounted for 6.61% of the total 968 samples.In the acid-insoluble ash, there were eight kinds of Chinese herbs with their data over the value of Mean+S.D. higher than 15.87% including Coptise Chinensis, Astragalus Mongholicus, Magnolia Officinalis, etc. These fifty-three samples of eight kinds of Chinese herbs accounted for 5.48% of the total 968 samples.In the diluted ethanol-soluble extractive, there were four kinds of Chinese herbs with their data under the value of Mean-S.D. higher than 15.87% including Astragalus Mongholicus, Cornus Officinalis, etc. These twenty-seven samples of four kinds of Chinese herbs account for 2.79% of the total 968 samples.In the water-soluble extractive, there were eight kinds of Chinese herbs with their data under the value of Mean-S.D. higher than 15.87% including Astragalus Mongholicus, Pueraria Lobata, Cinnamomum Cassia, etc. These twenty-seven samples of eight kinds of Chinese herbs account for 4.46% of the total 567 samples.The ranges of marker constituents are listed as follows. Baicalin of Scutellaria Baicalensis ranged from 1.92~42.22%, Berberine of Coptise Chinensis ranged from 3.00~8.80%, Berberine of Phellodendron Amurense ranged from 0.25~10.87%, Puerarin of Pueraria Lobata ranged from 0.01~5.72%, Magnolool of Magnolia Officinalis ranged from N.D. (not detected)~2.97%, Paeoniflorin of Paeonia Veitchii ranged from 0.22~6.15%, Ephedrine of Ephedra Sinica ranged from N.D. (not detected)~2.51%, Geniposide of Gardenia Jasminoides ranged from 4.35~18.50%, Paeonol of Paeonia Suffruticosa ranged from 0.01~2.82%, Paeoniflorin ranged from 0.21~11.80% and Sennoside A ranged from 0.02~2.09%.The marker constituents of herbs vary greatly. Even for the same herbs such as Pueraria Lobata, the difference between the contents of its marker constituent can be huge.