論多數共有人得否因出賣而處分不動產於共有人之一

The Majority of the Co-owners Sell Their Whole Real Estate to One of Them

多數共有人可否因出賣而處分不動產於共有人之一？如可，此時如何保護少數共有人？這些是理論與實務上的重要議題，且對共有人的利益以及土地法第三十四條之一規範意旨的達成有重大影響。本文先臚列相關規定與既有的不同觀點，再提出本文分析。本文著重於不動產的有效利用與相關當事人的利益衡量，就學說、實務見解及內政部研商的土地法部分修正草案予以回應，並提出建議。本文以為，多數共有人得因出賣而處分不動產於共有人中之一。共有人為受讓人時，其人數及應有部分仍計入同意處分之共有人數及應有部分，而未同意處分的共有人此時並無先買權，但得主張對共有不動產所有權之比率不變。

May the majority of the co-owners sell their whole real estate to one of them? If the majority sells their whole real estate to one of the co-owners, how to protect the minority? They are important issues in theory and practice. The issues have great influence on the interests of the co-owners and the achievement of the purpose of Article 34-1 of the Land Act. This study lists the concerned provisions and the existing different viewpoints and then analyzes the issues. Effective utilization of the real estate and the interests of the concerned parties are emphasized. This study discusses the doctrine, practice, and the draft amendment on partial articles of the Land Act discussed in the Ministry of the Interior and makes some propositions in explanation and legislation. This study holds that the majority of the co-owners may sell their whole real estate to one of them. If the majority sells their whole real estate to one of the co-owners, the number and the share of the transferee shall be counted in the numbers and shares of the co-owners who agree to sell. The co-owner who does not agree to sell cannot claim the right of first refusal, but he may claim to maintain his share.