臺灣私校退場校產活化之法令評估及可行政策途徑之研究

A Feasibility Study and Law Assessment on the Revitalization of the Exiting Private School Properties in Taiwan

臺灣教育當局在二十年前因為鼓勵私校辦學，但卻因為少子化的問題造成當初雄心辦學的私校，至今可能都面臨關校的命運。尤其預估至民國105年（2016）起，少子女化問題的海嘯將會直接且嚴重的衝擊到臺灣的私立學校，就連臺灣的公立學校恐怕也都將受到波及，其嚴重性不可謂不大。然；因為少子化的原因，致使臺灣私立高中職校退場，其退場所產生的效應，諸如校產、校地如何使之活化更為利用也是一個嚴重的問題。當初捐出財產、土地等等興辦學校，貢獻給臺灣子民，如今因為少子化，致使學校經營困難，乃至關校，卻也非當初所能預見。但問題已經顯現，如何將傷害減至最低，讓當初捐財捐地興學的人甚至其第二代、第三代，不致因為關校而損失難計，也能為臺灣社會尋找另一個平衡點。因之本文以綜觀的、宏觀的視野，以私校退場校地活化為經，以社會整體的現象與問題為緯，並運用文獻分析與焦點訪談方式，從國家憲法、教育相關法令進而結合可一併解決臺灣社會相關問題為取向，試圖尋求臺灣私校退場校產活化之法令評估及可行政策途徑，企盼能夠提供臺灣教育當局與臺灣私立高中職校作為退場後校產活化的參考。

More than 20 years ago, our government started encouraging the establishment of the new schools, and because of this policy, many private schools came into being. However, since the increasingly lowering of the birth rate in Taiwan, they have been experiencing a decline, and even a sharp dwindling of student numbers to the extent that some private schools, mostly senior high, are faced with a fate of closing their schools. To aggravate the issue, public schools are now also influenced by such a fertility decline, which as well indicates the seriousness of the issue. Yet what to come after this is a more urgent problem, namely the issue about how to deal with the school properties, or about how to revitalize the properties with a view to make the full use of deserted school campus and facilities etc. The present paper thus aims to study the feasibility of revitalizing the exiting school properties, to provide a law assessment on how to make most use of the school properties. By analyzing the existing documents, laws and the spotlighted interviews, this paper tries to investigate the possible negative and positive aspects of re-using the properties to see if it is legally feasible and implementable. The ultimate goal here is to offer some tentative solutions to the existing and coming problems faced by our educational authorities as well as by the endangered private senior schools who are looking for ways to exit from the educational market in Taiwan.