臺灣便利商店之空間分布及其區域差異：1987－2016年

The spatial distribution and regional variation of convenience store in Taiwan, 1987-2016

本研究以政府機關與民間企業之公開資訊為基礎，透過空間自相關分析與熱區圖之繪製，呈現1987－2016年間便利商店之空間群聚狀態，並探討便利商店通路數與常住人口數量、密度、成長幅度、年齡與職業別間之關聯與區域差異。研究結果發現：1.便利商店之通路比例呈現由北向南、由都心往郊區遞減的趨勢，而桃竹苗地區為便利商店成長速率最為快速之地區；2.便利商店之空間群聚以北臺灣地區最為顯著，且以形成橫跨三直轄市、兩區域生活圈的便利商店熱區帶；3.便利商店商圈大小與人口密度呈現負向相關性，其中又以北部與中部臺灣之變化幅度較為顯著，南臺灣與花東地區則頗為緩慢；4.中彰投地區便利商店與常住人口的空間擴張具有高度的重疊性，便利商店之空間擴張因此可視為本區都市擴張與都市化歷程的縮影；5.便利商店之顧客群聚有顯著之區域差異：台北、高雄兩大都會區以25－34歲之青壯年從業人口為主，中彰投與雲嘉南地區則以15－24歲之學生族群居多；除「金融及保險業」外，中彰投地區以「教育服務業」之從業人口百分比與便利商店通路數之相關係數最高，迥異於以「批發及零售業」居優勢之南北兩大都會區。本研究主張，從較大尺度掌握便利商店區位的時空變化歷程，在便利商店產業發展以漸趨飽和的當下，或可有助於企業理解產業發展之現況與自身定位，進而針對臺灣不同發展階段之地區進行差異化的區位決策、經營方針或轉型模式，並以此為契機，發展出具有臺灣主體性的便利商店定義。

The paper investigates the changing course and regional variation of convenience store (CVS) in Taiwan during 1987 - 2016 by spatial autocorrelation analysis and hotspot analysis with the database constructed from open government data (OGD) and enterprise official information, and explains the relevance and regional variation between the number of CVS and the volume, density, growth rate, age and occupation of population. Results have shown that 1. the pattern of the proportion of CVS distributor appears the decreasing tendency from northern to southern Taiwan on the one hand, and from downtown to the suburb on the other. Taoyuan-Hsinchu-Miaoli region have the fastest growth rate of CVS; 2. The spatial clustering of CVS was most significant in northern Taiwan during the past years where the CVS hotspot areas have connected each other into one mega CVS cluster across Taipei City, New Taipei City and Taoyuan City; 3. The negative correlation between the size of CVS business district and the density of population grown rapidly by years in northern and central Taiwan, in contrast to southern and eastern Taiwan with relatively slow growing pace; 4. There were highly overlap between the spatial expansion of CVS and the increase of population in Taichung- Changhua-Nantou region, and therefore the spatial expansion of CVS can be seen as the epitome of urbanization and urban expansion of the region; 5. There are significantly regional difference customer base of CVS, in terms of age, the major client is young and middle - aged working population between 25 to 34 years old in Taipei and Kaohsiung metropolitan area, in contrast to central Taiwan with student groups between 15 to 24 years old. In occupational aspect except the finance and insurance sector, the percentage of education service working population have highest correlation coefficient with the number of CVS in central Taiwan, differ from northern and southern Taiwan with highest correlation coefficient in wholesale and retail. This paper advocated that comprehending the changing course of CVS in meso-level would contribute to related enterprises understanding the situation of the industry in the context of CVS market saturation, thereby developing differential location decision, operating or transformation model according different development stages through which elaborating the definition of CVS with Taiwan's subjectivity.