從古圖資推測清末鳳山縣雙城古道之位置

Measuring the Historical Position of Old Paths Between Two Walled Cities in Feng-shan Prefecture in the End of Qing Dynasty from Old Maps and Literatures

清代文獻有營兵巡閱、移防、開展郵政的記載，要完成這些任務須要有串連各地的道路交通系統，然而清代文獻卻少有道路交通方面的記載；雖然清代地圖已繪出縣城、村落、汛、塘之間的道路，但位置、方位都不準確，無法據以推測古道位置。清代古道若非經過土地重劃或重新修築，其位置在數十年間不會大量變動或消失，在此假設下，本文以日治地圖、台灣光復初期航照為底圖，數化雙城古道路線套疊於現代電子地圖上，並從文獻、地圖、實地調查資料分析與比對，推測古道的位置。研究發現清代末期鳳山縣新、舊城間的古道有三條，即雙城大路、雙城小路、雙城南路；雙城大路自清代中葉起就是新、舊城居民、官兵往來的主要道路，道光年間以咾咕石石板建造田尾橋（即七吼橋），供行旅通行；雙城小路行經赤山汛（覆鼎金一帶），有小徑通往舊城，清末覆鼎金、船仔頭港一帶逐漸繁榮後成為當地的交通要道，光緒八年興建船仔頭橋，供行旅往返新、舊城；雙城南路是三塊厝往新、舊城要道，清代並未建橋，必須在漯仔底渡（即硫磺水渡）換乘渡船。三條古道經實地履勘且記錄現存古道的路、街、巷名，作為古道保存或後續研究的參考。

Inspection tours and shifted garrison duties of army as well as the postal service were recorded in some documents in Qing Dynasty. Those assignments did need a well traffic network to accomplish, but the traffic networks seldom recorded in documents published in Qing Dynasty. The road network among cities, villages, forts, and barracks were drew in some maps in Qing Dynasty, but the position were not accuracy enough to infer the location of old paths between two walled cities in Feng-Shan Prefecture during that time. Therefore, the assumption had to be made in this study that the traffic network will not be shifted in decades unless land assembly or constructing a new road over the old path. The possible routes were digitized and overlapped on modern maps to identify the location of old paths from Japanese maps which were published in 1904 and 1928 in Taiwan under Japanese rule. There were three old paths between the old walled city and the new walled city in Feng-Shan Prefecture in Qing Dynasty. The main road of two walled cities was used to inspect army barracks and shift garrison duties among forts. The footpath of two walled cities passed the chir-shan barrack, there might be a bypath from barrack to the old walled city, this footpath became more important due to the prosperity in Fu-ding-jin and Chuan-tz-tou Port. The south-road of two walled cities was the main path from San-kuai-tsuo to the old walled city, the traveler ferried across to the opposite bank in Liou-huang-shuei ferry point as a result of no bridge across the Liou-huang-shuei river. The streets’ and lanes’ name of identified old paths were recorded during the field work for the purpose in old path conservation as well as for further researches.