國家政策與邊區發展－－以深圳經濟特區為例

The national policy and the development of marginal regions - the case study of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

自1978年中國的經濟政策確定了改革開放路線之後，經濟特區的設立可以說是首波重大的經濟政策，而經濟特區也儼然是中國由計畫經濟走向市場經濟的「實驗室」，在1980年核准成立的五個經濟特區之中，深圳地區由於得到政策的偏好與地理位置的優勢，短短十年之內以驚人的速度發展，其經濟成長的速度和程度在中國幾乎沒有地區可以與之相比。然而當深圳特區完成市場經濟的階段性任務之後，政策優勢開始轉移至其他地區，因而此區的建設進程逐漸緩和下來，經濟成就也相繼被其他經濟特區超越，由於區域發展過於快速，深圳地區雖然曾經擁有傲人的發展成績，但也嚐到了發展的惡果。

Since the central government in China permitted the propose of Guangdong government to set up Special Economic Zones in 1980, Shenzhen had become the “experimenting ground＂ for economic reforms in China. With the policy forces of the government, the regional development of Shenzhen was unbelievably rapid in the first ten years. But after Shenzhen reached the task of running socialist market economy, the advantages of policy had been removed to other regions of the country and thus Shenzhen has faced the challenge of redevelopment. This paper reviews the process of development in Shenzhen and focuses on the industries comprised in every stage of development. By pointing out the developmental problems of Shenzhen and analyzing the locational advantages of this region, the paper also tries to find a possible way for the redevelopment of Shenzhen.