雅俗兼容――歷代詩詠伍子胥的形象主題與特色

Elegance and Ordinariness Inclusive–Image Theme and Characteristics in Historical Poems of Wu Zixu

本文以歷代詩詠伍子胥的作品為研究文本，歸納出「忠臣」與「潮神」是詩人賦予伍子胥的主要形象。而「忠臣」與「潮神」不僅兼具「雅」、「俗」的身分表徵，也彼此互補、交融與共生，呈現立體圓滿的形象態勢，有別於諸子、史傳、小說或戲曲純以道德為單一導向的建構方法。而詩歌雖與雜史、小說、戲曲、史評的體裁不同，但仍舊屬於伍子胥故事的詠寫系統，因此本文也嘗試將詩作和其他文體相較，掌握了詠史詩善於營造祠宇氛圍以突顯命運悲劇、跳脫撻墓鞭屍的爭議，以及與史論文共同批評伍子胥昧於知退之分等特色，有助讀者理解歷代詩詠伍子胥在歷史語境下的發展與意義。

This article adopts the historical poetry of Wu Zixu as textual research model, and concludes ''Loyal Courtier'' and ''God of Tide'' are the primary images poets have endowed upon Wu Zixu. ''Loyal Courtier'' and ''God of Tide'' not only represent ''elegance'' and ''ordinariness,'' but also complement and blend each other together, and form a relationship of symbiosis, representing a three-dimensional and well-rounded image and posture, as distinctive from Hundred Schools of Thought, Historical Biography, novels or opera whose construction is oriented solely to morality. Though different from miscellaneous history, novel, opera and history comment in genre, nevertheless it belongs to the poetic system of Wu Zixu's writings. This article also tries to compare his poetry with other textual styles, and gets the grasp of epic poems that excel in creating an atmosphere of memorial temple in order to highlight the tragedies in life, as opposed to the dispute of opening the grave, taking out the corpse and having it publicly flogged, and to the feature of criticizing Wu Zixu's ignorance of drawing back. Readers thus will benefit from understanding more of the development and significance of Wu Zixu's historical poems in the historical context.