程發軔《春秋要領》微——以屬辭比事之教為例

Discovering Cheng Fa Ren’sSubstances of Chun Qiu : Take word connection and event arrangement in the study of Chun Qiuas example

程發軔先生專擅曆法推算、精通《春秋》、《左傳》之學。任教上庠二十餘年，散播經學種子，以其專業引領、推動經學探討，作育、栽成學子無數。日後臺灣師大國文系蔚為臺灣研究《春秋》、《左傳》學之重鎮，先生倡始指引之功獨大。程先生著有《春秋要領》一書，綱舉目張，具體而微提示治學之津筏。雖為課堂筆記，然循是以進，可以登堂入室，致廣大而盡精微。程先生於《春秋》學，尊經而會通《三傳》，提示左券涯略不少。唯《春秋》之學觀辭立曉，而訪義方隱，於是闇而不明，鬱而不發處獨多。朱熹稱《春秋》之義，都不說破，蓋有言外之意。今擬破解《春秋》之微辭隱義，分兩大層面，以闡發程先生之《春秋》學：其一，據《孟子》所述，闡述其事、其文、其義，以見孔子如何作《春秋》。其二，據《禮記．經解》所言，如何以屬辭比事讀《春秋》、治《春秋》，涉及《春秋》經典詮釋之方法。其實，二者可以歸一，歸於屬辭比事之《春秋》教而已矣。以屬辭比事詮釋《春秋》之指義，其策略有三：或比次史事，或聯屬辭文，或探究終始，疏通知遠。可獨執一端，亦可三管齊下；如此，即可以經治經，無傳而著。

Cheng FaRenwas skilled in figure out dates and study of Chun Qiuand Zuo Zhuan. For more than 20 years, he taught classical studiesin school. With his profession, he discussed classical studies and nurtured countless students. Regarding that National Taiwan Normal Universitybecame an authority to Chun Qiuand Zuo Zhuanlater, he has a credit with it. Mr. Cheng wrote Substances of Chun Qiu, which is clear and organized, meanwhile gave a clue about the method of teaching in specific but detail words. Although they were notes for class, they were written in sequence, discussed from the shallower to the deeper, with extremely broad and detailed content. Within the study of Chun Qiu, Mr. Cheng praised the classic and understood San Chuanthat he gave much clues to the key to comprehension. Nevertheless, though the script of Chun Qiuiseasy to understand, it actually has some hidden meanings. Thus, the content actually contains much unknown or obscure parts. About Chun Qiu’syi, Zhu Xiclaimed that it didn’t clearly state everything, but actually had other meanings. In this paper, I plan to decode the hidden meanings in Chun Qiu. Two aspects would be held when I elaborate Mr. Cheng’s viewpoints to the study of Chun Qiu. First, in order to understand how Confucius wroteChun Qiu, I will elaborate the incidents, content and meanings in it base on Mencius’ description. Second, methods related to annotating Chun Qiu, for instance, how to read and study Chun Qiuwith the method of word connection and event arrangement, will be discussed base on the words of The Book of Properties-Commentary toClassics. The truth is, the two aspects can be regarded as one, as long as they are put under the category of word connection and event arrangement in the study of Chun Qiu. There are 3 strategies used when using word connection and event arrangement to annotate Chun Qiu: arrange history events, investigate the using of words, or discover the thorough incidents to know the future from the past. You can use only one method at one time, or you can also use all three of them at the same time. Therefore, you can study classics through classics, instead of relying on San Chuan.