評析阿來《塵埃落定》中現代性的弔詭

Review of the paradox of modernity in the Dust Has Settled(Chen Ai Luo Ding)

阿來以《塵埃落定》透過語言、血緣與主體的三重挑戰，以漢語創作令人耳目一新的藏族小說，透過藏漢混血的人物，以漢文化的侵入、交流與融合，來展現川藏嘉絨部族對現代化的追求。小說在民族的建構、文化的尋根與敘事的角度上，都豐富文學的面貌與向度。本文分五小節論述。一、「邊緣者的異聲：藏族作家阿來」簡述相關研究成果對本文的啟發。二、「藏族文化與藏人形象」，闡述藏人生活的階級性與非主體性。三、「梅毒的隱喻：現代性的弔詭」，闡述川藏現代化的弔詭之處，同時帶來政治╱經濟╱文化╱軍事／身體的多重影響。四、「敘事的意義：文化尋根」，闡述阿來以最後一位土司之子的角度發聲，就是為了凸顯「文化是『記憶』抵抗『遺忘』的一種方式」，作了一次文化尋根之旅。五、「結論：川藏故事的多重邊緣性」，本文認為阿來以川藏故事的多重邊緣性，展現八○年代末另一種視野的尋根文學，重新尋找文化的根源，體現川藏的價值。

In perspective of the triple challengesof language, blood and subject in the novel The Dust has settled, the writer A Lai created a refreshing Tibetan novelin Chinesewhich presents the quest of the JiaRong tribe in Sichuan and Tibetfor modernizationin the view of a Tibetan and Chinese hybridfigurewiththe theme of invasion, exchange and integration of Chinese culture. It has enriched the look and the dimension of literature from the perspectives of the construction of ethnical identityand searching for the cultural roots and narrative point of view. This paper is divided into five sections. Firstpart is the “different voice of anoutsider”which is a review of the research literature about the writer A Lai and his works. Second part is ''Tibetanculture and Tibetan image''which expounds the Classcharacterand non-subjectivity of the life of Tibetans. Thirdpart isthe ''metaphor of syphilis:a modern paradox''which expounds the paradox of modernization of Tibetwhich brings forth the multiple influence on economics, politics, culture, military affairs and body.Fourthpart is the ''meaning ofnarrative: searching for the cultural roots'' which expounds that the articulation of A Lai by taking the view of the son of the last chieftainis to highlight that the cultureis a way memoryto resist theoblivion in a journey of searching for the cultural roots. Part Five is the “Conclusion: The multiple marginality of the story of Sichuan and Tibet''which argues that A Lai intends to present alternative literature of searching for the cultural roots in another perspective and find the roots of culture again and value of the Sichuan and Tibet in terms of the multiple marginality of the story of Sichuan-Tibet.